Abstract Title: An open-label pilot study of a home wearable light therapy device for postpartum depression. Abstract Source: Arch Womens Ment Health. 2018 Mar 30. Epub 2018 Mar 30. PMID: 29603017 Abstract Author(s): Leslie M Swanson, Helen J Burgess, Jennifer Zollars, J Todd Arnedt Article Affiliation: Leslie M Swanson Abstract: We sought to establish the feasibility and preliminary effects of home-wearable light therapy for postpartum depression, and its effects on circadian measures. Eight women within 6 months postpartum were prescribed 60 min of daily morning light therapy for 5 weeks. The device was well tolerated. Significant improvements were observed in self-report and clinician-rated depression symptoms, with little change in objective circadian measures. Home-wearable light therapy is feasible for postpartum women and may be a promising treatment for postpartum depression. Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02769858. Article Published Date : Mar 29, 2018

Abstract Title: Optimal Laser Phototherapy Parameters for Pain Relief. Abstract Source: Photomed Laser Surg. 2018 Mar 27. Epub 2018 Mar 27. PMID: 29583080 Abstract Author(s): Rohit J Kate, Sarah Rubatt, Chukuka S Enwemeka, Wendy E Huddleston Article Affiliation: Rohit J Kate Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Studies on laser phototherapy for pain relief have used parameters that vary widely and have reported varying outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal parameter ranges of laser phototherapy for pain relief by analyzing data aggregated from existing primary literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Original studies were gathered from available sources and were screened to meet the pre-established inclusion criteria. The included articles were then subjected to meta-analysis using Cohen's d statistic for determining treatment effect size. From these studies, ranges of the reported parameters that always resulted into large effect sizes were determined. These optimal ranges were evaluated for their accuracy using leave-one-article-out cross-validation procedure. RESULTS: A total of 96 articles met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis and yielded 232 effect sizes. The average effect size was highly significant: d = +1.36 (confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.04-1.68). Among all the parameters, total energy was found to have the greatest effect on pain relief and had the most prominent optimal ranges of 120-162 and 15.36-20.16 J, which always resulted in large effect sizes. The cross-validation accuracy of the optimal ranges for total energy was 68.57% (95% CI = 53.19-83.97). Fewer and less-prominent optimal ranges were obtained for the energy density and duration parameters. None of the remaining parameters was found to be independently related to pain relief outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of meta-analysis indicate that laser phototherapy is highly effective for pain relief. Based on the analysis of parameters, total energy can be optimized to yield the largest effect on pain relief. Article Published Date : Mar 26, 2018

Abstract Title: Precision Light for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders. Abstract Source: Neural Plast. 2018 ;2018:5868570. Epub 2018 Jan 11. PMID: 29593784 Abstract Author(s): Sevag Kaladchibachi, Fabian Fernandez Article Affiliation: Sevag Kaladchibachi Abstract: Circadian timekeeping can be reset by brief flashes of light using stimulation protocols thousands of times shorter than those previously assumed to be necessary for traditional phototherapy. These observations point to a future where flexible architectures of nanosecond-, microsecond-, and millisecond-scale light pulses are compiled to reprogram the brain's internal clock when it has been altered by psychiatric illness or advanced age. In the current review, we present a chronology of seminal experiments that established the synchronizing influence of light on the human circadian system and the efficacy of prolonged bright-light exposure for reducing symptoms associated with seasonal affective disorder. We conclude with a discussion of the different ways that precision flashes could be parlayed during sleep to effect neuroadaptive changes in brain function. This article is a contribution to a special issue oncurated by editors Shimon Amir, Karen Gamble, Oliver Stork, and Harry Pantazopoulos. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2017

Abstract Title: Photobiomodulation therapy promotes neurogenesis by improving post-stroke local microenvironment and stimulating neuroprogenitor cells. Abstract Source: Exp Neurol. 2017 Oct 19. Epub 2017 Oct 19. PMID: 29056360 Abstract Author(s): Luodan Yang, Donovan Tucker, Yan Dong, Chongyun Wu, Yujiao Lu, Yong Li, Juan Zhang, Timon Cheng-Yi Liu, Quanguang Zhang Article Affiliation: Luodan Yang Abstract: Recent work has indicated that photobiomodulation (PBM) may beneficially alter the pathological status of several neurological disorders, although the mechanism currently remains unclear. The current study was designed to investigate the beneficial effect of PBM on behavioral deficits and neurogenesis in a photothrombotic (PT) model of ischemic stroke in rats. From day 1 to day 7 after the establishment of PT model, 2-minute daily PBM (CW, 808nm, 350mW/cm(2), total 294J at scalp level) was applied on the infarct injury area (1.8mm anterior to the bregma and 2.5mm lateral from the midline). Rats received intraperitoneal injections of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) twice daily (50mg/kg) from day 2 to 8 post-stoke, and samples were collected at day 14. We demonstrated that PBM significantly attenuated behavioral deficits and infarct volume induced by PT stroke. Further investigation displayed that PBM remarkably enhanced neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, as evidenced by immunostaining of BrdU, Ki67, DCX, MAP2, spinophilin, and synaptophysin. Mechanistic studies suggested beneficial effects of PBM were accompanied by robust suppression of reactive gliosis and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. On the contrary, the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines, cytochrome c oxidase activity and ATP production in peri-infarct regions were elevated following PBM treatment. Intriguingly, PBM could effectively switch an M1 microglial phenotype to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Our novel findings indicated that PBM is capable of promoting neurogenesis after ischemic stroke. The underlying mechanisms may rely on: 1) promotion of proliferation and differentiation of internal neuroprogenitor cells in the peri-infarct zone; 2) improvement of the neuronal microenvironment by altering inflammatory status and promoting mitochondrial function. These findings provide strong support for the promising therapeutic effect of PBM on neuronal repair following ischemic stroke. Article Published Date : Oct 18, 2017

Abstract Title: A Systematic Review of Bright Light Therapy for Eating Disorders. Abstract Source: Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2016 Oct 27 ;18(5). Epub 2016 Aug 27. PMID: 27835724 Abstract Author(s): Marshall T Beauchamp, Jennifer D Lundgren Article Affiliation: Marshall T Beauchamp Abstract: Objective: Bright light therapy is a noninvasive biological intervention for disorders with nonnormative circadian features. Eating disorders, particularly those with binge-eating and night-eating features, have documented nonnormative circadian eating and mood patterns, suggesting that bright light therapy may be an efficacious stand-alone or adjunctive intervention. The purpose of this systematic literature review, using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, was (1) to evaluate the state of the empirical treatment outcome literature on bright light therapy for eating disorders and (2) to explore the timing of eating behavior, mood, and sleep-related symptom change so as to understand potential mechanisms of bright light therapy action in the context of eating disorder treatment. Data Sources: A comprehensive literature search using PsycInfo and PubMed/MEDLINE was conducted in April 2016 with no date restrictions to identify studies published using bright light therapy as a treatment for eating disorders. Keywords included combinations of terms describing disordered eating (eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating, binge, eating behavior, eating, and night eating) and the use of bright light therapy (bright light therapy, light therapy, phototherapy). After excluding duplicates, 34 articles were reviewed for inclusion. Study Selection and Data Extraction: 14 published studies of bright light therapy for eating disorders met inclusion criteria (included participants with an eating disorder/disordered-eating behaviors; presented as a case study, case series, open-label clinical trial, or randomized/nonrandomized controlled trial; written in English; and published and available by the time of manuscript review). Results: Results suggest that bright light therapy is potentially effective at improving both disordered-eating behavior and mood acutely, although the timing of symptom response and the duration of treatment effects remain unknown. Conclusions: Future research should systematically control for placebo response, assess symptom change frequently and across a broad range of systems, and evaluate the longer-term efficacy of bright light therapy for eating disorders. Article Published Date : Oct 26, 2016

Abstract Title: Bright Light Therapy as Augmentation of Pharmacotherapy for Treatment of Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Abstract Source: Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2016 Oct 20 ;18(5). Epub 2016 Aug 20. PMID: 27835725 Abstract Author(s): Thomas M Penders, Cornel N Stanciu, Alexander M Schoemann, Philip T Ninan, Richard Bloch, Sy A Saeed Article Affiliation: Thomas M Penders Abstract: Background: Bright light therapy has demonstrated efficacy and is an accepted treatment for seasonal depression. It has been suggested that bright light therapy may have efficacy in nonseasonal depressions. Also, there is evidence that bright light therapy may improve responsiveness to antidepressant pharmacotherapy. Data Sources: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, CINAHL, EMBASE, Scopus, and Academic OneFile for English-language literature published between January 1998 and April 2016, using the keywords bright light therapy AND major depression, bright light therapy AND depress*, bright light therapy AND bipolar depression, bright light therapy AND affective disorders, circadian rhythm AND major depression, circadian rhythm AND depress*, and circadian rhythm AND affective disorder. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Studies that reported randomized trials comparing antidepressant pharmacotherapy with bright light therapy≥ 5,000 lux for ≥ 30 minutes to antidepressant pharmacotherapy without bright light therapy for the treatment of nonseasonal depression were included. Studies of seasonal depression were excluded. Following review of the initial 112 returns, 2 of the authors independently judged each trial, applying the inclusionary and exclusionary criteria. Ten studies were selected as meeting these criteria. Subjects in these studies were pooled using standard techniques of meta-analysis. Results: Ten studies involving 458 patients showed improvement using bright light therapy augmentation versus antidepressant pharmacotherapy alone. The effect size was similar to that of other accepted augmentation strategies, roughly 0.5. Conclusions: Analysis of pooled data from randomized trials provides evidence for the efficacy of use of bright light therapy≥ 5,000 lux for periods ≥ 30 minutes when used as augmentation to standard antidepressant pharmacotherapy in the treatment of major depressive disorder and bipolar depression without a seasonal pattern. Article Published Date : Oct 19, 2016

Abstract Title: Effects of melatonin and bright light treatment in childhood chronic sleep onset insomnia with late melatonin onset: A randomised controlled study. Abstract Source: Sleep. 2016 Oct 10. Epub 2016 Aug 10. PMID: 27748241 Abstract Author(s): Annette van Maanen, Anne Marie Meijer, Marcel G Smits, Kristiaan B van der Heijden, Frans J Oort Article Affiliation: Annette van Maanen Abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Chronic sleep onset insomnia with late melatonin onset is prevalent in childhood, and has negative daytime consequences. Melatonin treatment is known to be effective in treating these sleep problems. Bright light therapy might be an alternative treatment, with potential advantages over melatonin treatment. In this study, we compare the effects of melatonin and bright light treatment with a placebo condition in children with chronic sleep onset insomnia and late melatonin onset. METHODS: 84 children (mean age 10.0 years, 61% boys) first entered a baseline week, after which they received melatonin (N=26), light (N=30), or placebo pills (N=28) for three to four weeks. Sleep was measured daily with sleep diaries and actigraphy. Before and after treatment children completed a questionnaire on chronic sleep reduction, and Dim Light Melatonin Onset (DLMO) was measured. Results were analysed with linear mixed model analyses. RESULTS: Melatonin treatment and light therapy decreased sleep latency (sleep diary) and advanced sleep onset (sleep diary and actigraphy), although for sleep onset the effects of melatonin were stronger. In addition, melatonin treatment advanced DLMO and had positive effects on sleep latency and sleep efficiency (actigraphy data), and sleep time (sleep diary and actigraphy data). However, wake after sleep onset (actigraphy) increased with melatonin treatment. No effects on chronic sleep reduction were found. CONCLUSIONS: We found positive effects of both melatonin and light treatment on various sleep outcomes, but more and stronger effects were found for melatonin treatment. NEDERLANDS TRIAL REGISTER (NTR): NTR4045 (http://www.trialregister.nl). Article Published Date : Oct 09, 2016

Abstract Title: A sham-controlled randomized trial of adjunctive light therapy for non-seasonal depression. Abstract Source: J Affect Disord. 2016 Oct ;203:1-8. Epub 2016 Aug 26. PMID: 27267951 Abstract Author(s): Magdalena Chojnacka, Anna Z Antosik-Wójcińska, Monika Dominiak, Dorota Bzinkowska, Agnieszka Borzym, Marlena Sokół-Szawłowska, Gabriela Bodzak-Opolska, Dorota Antoniak, Łukasz Święcicki Article Affiliation: Magdalena Chojnacka Abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to examine the efficacy and safety of morning bright light therapy (BLT) in the treatment of patients with a current major depressive episode (MDE) in bipolar and unipolar disorder without a seasonal pattern. It was a randomized, sham-controlled trial. METHODS: Adults, ages 18-70 years were randomized to treatment either with BLT or a sham negative ion generator (as a placebo control). The subjects were required to be on a stable and therapeutic dose of psychotropic medication for at least 4 weeks prior to enrollment and their treatment had to be insufficiently effective. Their clinical state was monitored at the baseline and at the end of treatment. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-21 items (HDRS-21), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) and Patient Global Impression (PGI) were used. The results were analyzed with an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. RESULTS: Ninety-five patients were enrolled (50 diagnosed with bipolar disorder and 45 with unipolar depression). Fifty-two patients were randomized to treatment with BLT and forty-three were in the placebo group (ITT population). Eighty-three subjects completed the study. There were 12 dropouts (5 in the light group and 7 in the placebo group). After 14 days of treatment, a significant improvement was found in all groups (p<0.001). The subjects treated with BLT did not significantly differ in terms of improvement in HDRS-21 scores at the endpoint when compared to patients treated with placebo (p=0.2). However, further analysis demonstrated significantly higher response (50% v. 27.9%, p=0.02) and remission rates (28.8% v. 11.6%, p=0.04) among patients treated with morning BLT when compared to placebo group. It should be noted that in the population of drug-resistant patients, BLT was more efficacious than placebo. There were no statistically significant differences between unipolar and bipolar disorders (p=0.4). CONCLUSION: Although overall improvement in HDRS-21 scores were not superior in the BLT group, both response and remission rates were significantly higher among patients treated with BLT relative to those receiving the sham intervention. BLT was also more efficacious than placebo in the population of patients with drug-resistant depression. Further studies to define the subpopulation of patients with non-seasonal depression who may benefit the most from BLT are needed. Article Published Date : Sep 30, 2016

Abstract Title: Photo Inactivation of Streptococcus mutans Biofilm by Violet-Blue light. Abstract Source: Curr Microbiol. 2016 Sep ;73(3):426-33. Epub 2016 Aug 8. PMID: 27278805 Abstract Author(s): Grace F Gomez, Ruijie Huang, Meoghan MacPherson, Andrea G Ferreira Zandona, Richard L Gregory Article Affiliation: Grace F Gomez Abstract: Among various preventive approaches, non-invasive phototherapy/photodynamic therapy is one of the methods used to control oral biofilm. Studies indicate that light at specific wavelengths has a potent antibacterial effect. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of violet-blue light at 380-440 nm to inhibit biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans or kill S. mutans. S. mutans UA159 biofilm cells were grown for 12-16 h in 96-well flat-bottom microtiter plates using tryptic soy broth (TSB) or TSB with 1 % sucrose (TSBS). Biofilm was irradiated with violet-blue light for 5 min. After exposure, plates were re-incubated at 37 °C for either 2 or 6 h to allow the bacteria to recover. A crystal violet biofilm assay was used to determine relative densities of the biofilm cells grown in TSB, but not in TSBS, exposed to violet-blue light. The results indicated a statistically significant (P < 0.05) decrease compared to the non-treated groups after the 2 or 6 h recovery period. Growth rates of planktonic and biofilm cells indicated a significant reduction in the growth rate of the violet-blue light-treated groups grown in TSB and TSBS. Biofilm viability assays confirmed a statisticallysignificant difference between violet-blue light-treated and non-treated groups in TSB and TSBS. Visible violet-blue light of the electromagnetic spectrum has the ability to inhibit S. mutans growth and reduce the formation of S. mutans biofilm. This in vitro study demonstrated that violet-blue light has the capacity to inhibit S. mutans biofilm formation. Potential clinical applications of light therapy in the future remain bright in preventing the development and progression of dental caries. Article Published Date : Aug 31, 2016

Abstract Title: Combination therapy of orally administered glycyrrhizin and UVB improved active-stage generalized vitiligo. Abstract Source: Braz J Med Biol Res. 2016 Jul 25 ;49(8). PMID: 27464024 Abstract Author(s): K H Mou, D Han, W L Liu, P Li Article Affiliation: K H Mou Abstract: Glycyrrhizin has been used clinically for several years due to its beneficial effect on immunoglobulin E (IgE)-induced allergic diseases, alopecia areata and psoriasis. In this study, glycyrrhizin, ultraviolet B light (UVB) or a combination of both were used to treat active-stage generalized vitiligo. One hundred and forty-four patients between the ages of 3 and 48 years were divided into three groups: group A received oral compound glycyrrhizin (OCG); group B received UVB applications twice weekly, and group C received OCG+UVB. Follow-ups were performed at 2, 4, and 6 months after the treatment was initiated. The Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI) and the Vitiligo Disease Activity (VIDA) instrument were used to assess the affected body surface, at each follow-up. Results showed that 77.1, 75.0 and 87.5% in groups A, B and C, respectively, presented repigmentation of lesions. Responsiveness to therapy seemed to be associated with lesion location and patient compliance. Adverse events were limited and transient. This study showed that, although the three treatment protocols had positive results, OCG and UVB combination therapy was the most effective and led to improvement in disease stage from active to stable. Article Published Date : Jul 24, 2016

Abstract Title: PURLs: Light therapy for nonseasonal major depressive disorder? Abstract Source: J Fam Pract. 2016 Jul ;65(7):486-8. PMID: 27565102 Abstract Author(s): Kehinde Eniola, Angela Bacigalupo, Anne Mounsey Article Affiliation: Kehinde Eniola Abstract: While bright light therapy already has a place in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder, a recent trial spotlights its utility beyond the winter months. Article Published Date : Jun 30, 2016

Abstract Title: Efficacy of Bright Light Treatment, Fluoxetine, and the Combination in Patients With Nonseasonal Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Abstract Source: JAMA Psychiatry. 2016 Jan ;73(1):56-63. PMID: 26580307 Abstract Author(s): Raymond W Lam, Anthony J Levitt, Robert D Levitan, Erin E Michalak, Amy H Cheung, Rachel Morehouse, Rajamannar Ramasubbu, Lakshmi N Yatham, Edwin M Tam Article Affiliation: Raymond W Lam Abstract: IMPORTANCE: Bright light therapy is an evidence-based treatment for seasonal depression, but there is limited evidence for its efficacy in nonseasonal major depressive disorder (MDD). OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of light treatment, in monotherapy and in combination with fluoxetine hydrochloride, compared with a sham-placebo condition in adults with nonseasonal MDD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Randomized, double-blind, placebo- and sham-controlled, 8-week trial in adults (aged 19-60 years) with MDD of at least moderate severity in outpatient psychiatry clinics in academic medical centers. Data were collected from October 7, 2009, to March 11, 2014. Analysis was based on modified intent to treat (randomized patients with≥1 follow-up rating). INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomly assigned to (1) light monotherapy (active 10,000-lux fluorescent white light box for 30 min/d in the early morning plus placebo pill); (2) antidepressant monotherapy (inactive negative ion generator for 30 min/d plus fluoxetine hydrochloride, 20 mg/d); (3) combination light and antidepressant; or (4) placebo (inactive negative ion generator plus placebo pill). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Change score on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) from baseline to the 8-week end point. Secondary outcomes included response (≥50% reduction in MADRS score) and remission (MADRS score ≤10 at end point). RESULTS: A total of 122 patients were randomized (light monotherapy, 32; fluoxetine monotherapy, 31; combination therapy, 29; placebo, 30). The mean (SD) changes in MADRS score for the light, fluoxetine, combination, and placebo groups were 13.4 (7.5), 8.8 (9.9), 16.9 (9.2), and 6.5 (9.6), respectively. The combination (effect size [d] = 1.11; 95% CI, 0.54 to 1.64) and light monotherapy (d = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.28 to 1.31) were significantly superior to placebo in the MADRS change score, but fluoxetine monotherapy (d = 0.24; 95% CI, -0.27 to 0.74) was not superior to placebo. For the respective placebo, fluoxetine, light,and combination groups at the end point, response was achieved by 10 (33.3%), 9 (29.0%), 16 (50.0%), and 22 (75.9%) and remission was achieved by 9 (30.0%), 6 (19.4%), 14 (43.8%), and 17 (58.6%). Combination therapy was superior to placebo in MADRS response (β = 1.70; df = 1; P = .005)and remission (β = 1.33; df = 1; P = .02), with numbers needed to treat of 2.4 (95% CI, 1.6 to 5.8) and 3.5 (95% CI, 2.0 to 29.9), respectively. All treatments were generally well tolerated, with few significant differences in treatment-emergent adverse events. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Bright light treatment, both as monotherapy and in combination with fluoxetine, was efficacious and well tolerated in the treatment of adults with nonseasonal MDD. The combination treatment had the most consistent effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00958204. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2015

Abstract Title: Trends of inflammatory markers and cytokines after one month of phototherapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Abstract Source: Acta Med Acad. 2015 Nov ;44(2):102-8. PMID: 26702905 Abstract Author(s): José Meneses Calderón, Irma González Sánchez, Guillermo Aburto Huacuz, Arely Sarai Alonso Barreto, María Del Carmen Colín Ferreyra, Hugo Mendieta Zerón Article Affiliation: José Meneses Calderón Abstract: OBJECTIVE: to evaluate changes in the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α in patients with rheumatoid arthritis submitted to phototherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an open label study, enrolling ten patients. The phototherapy scheme within a range of 425 to 650 nm, 11.33 Joules/cm2, 30 cm above the chest was as follows: a) 45-min daily sessions from Monday to Friday for 2 to 3 months; b) three, 45- min weekly sessions for 1 to 2 months; c) twice weekly 45-min sessions for 1 to 2 months, and d) one weekly session for 1 to 2 months until completion. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and rheumatoid factor were measured in peripheral blood and tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-10 in leukocytes by quantitative real-time Reverse transcriptase-Polymerase chain reaction. In all the patients the next indexes: Karnofsky scale, Rheumatoid Arthritis-specific quality of life instrument, Steinbrocker Functional Capacity Rating and the Visual Analog Scale were evaluated. RESULTS: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and rheumatoid factor declined notoriously after the indicated sessions. In gene expression, there was a tendency in tumor necrosis factor-α to decrease after 1 month, from 24.5±11.4 to 18±9.2 relative units, without reaching a significant statistical difference. The four tested indexes showed improvement. CONCLUSION: Phototherapy appears to be a plausible complementary option to reduce the inflammatory component in rheumatoid arthritis. Article Published Date : Oct 31, 2015

Abstract Title: Phototherapy with LED light modulates healing processes in an in vitro scratch-wound model using 3 different cell types. Abstract Source: Dermatol Surg. 2015 Feb ;41(2):261-8. PMID: 25654197 Abstract Author(s): Andreas Teuschl, Elizabeth Rosado Balmayor, Heinz Redl, Martijn van Griensven, Peter Dungel Article Affiliation: Andreas Teuschl Abstract: BACKGROUND: An effective way of modulating wound healing processes, including proliferation and apoptosis, is low-level light therapy. Because of several disadvantages of lasers, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) could be more feasible light sources. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the effects of blue and red light from LEDs on different cell types in an in vitro scratch-wound model. METHODS: Monolayers of C2C12 myoblasts, NIH/3T3 fibroblasts, and BICR10 keratinocytes were injured by mechanical scraping. Cells were illuminated on 5 consecutive days for 10 minutes by LED at 470 or 630 nm. Effects of light on in vitro wound healing were evaluated by analyzing time to closure, proliferation, apoptosis, and necrosis rates. RESULTS: Illumination substantially affected cell viability and cell growth. Blue light strongly decreased proliferation and augmented apoptosis in all 3 cell types and increased necrosis rates in C2C12 and NIH/3T3 cells. In contrast, red light did not alter apoptosis in either cell type but promoted proliferation in all 3 cell types with significant effects in C2C12 and NIH/3T3 cells and shortened time to closure in all 3 cell types. CONCLUSION: Light-emitting diode light illumination could be a therapeutic option and positively affect wound healing processes. By choosing appropriate wavelengths, variable effects can be achieved. Article Published Date : Jan 31, 2015

Abstract Title: Harnessing the power of light to treat staphylococcal infections focusing on MRSA. Abstract Source: Curr Pharm Des. 2015 ;21(16):2109-21. PMID: 25760339 Abstract Author(s): Tanupriya Agrawal, Pinar Avci, Gaurav K Gupta, Ardeshir Rineh, Shanmugamurthy Lakshmanan, Vincent Batwala, George P Tegos, Michael R Hamblin Article Affiliation: Tanupriya Agrawal Abstract: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become the most important drug-resistant microbial pathogen in countries throughout the world. Morbidity and mortality due to MRSA infections continue to increase despite efforts to improve infection control measures and to develop new antibiotics. Therefore alternative antimicrobial strategies that do not give rise to development of resistance are urgently required. A group of therapeutic interventions has been developed in the field of photomedicine with the common theme that they rely on electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 200 and 1000 nm broadly called"light". These techniques all use simple absorption of photons by specific chromophores to deliver the killing blow to microbial cells while leaving the surrounding host mammalian cells relatively unharmed. Photodynamic inactivation uses dyes called photosensitizers (PS) that bind specifically to MRSA cells and not host cells, and generate reactive oxygen species including singlet oxygen and singlet oxygen upon illumination. Sophisticated molecular strategies to target the PS to MRSA cells have been designed. Ultraviolet C radiation can damage microbial DNA without unduly harming host DNA. Blue light can excite endogenous porphyrins and flavins in MRSA cells that are not present in host cells. Near-infrared lasers can interfere with microbial membrane potentials without raising the temperature of the tissue. Taken together these innovative approaches towards harnessing the power of light suggest that the ongoing threat of MRSA may eventually be defeated. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2014

Abstract Title: Daytime Blue Light Enhances the Nighttime Circadian Melatonin Inhibition of Human Prostate Cancer Growth. Abstract Source: Comp Med. 2015 ;65(6):473-85. PMID: 26678364 Abstract Author(s): Robert T Dauchy, Aaron E Hoffman, Melissa A Wren-Dail, John P Hanifin, Benjamin Warfield, George C Brainard, Shulin Xiang, Lin Yuan, Steven M Hill, Victoria P Belancio, Erin M Dauchy, Kara Smith, David E Blask Article Affiliation: Robert T Dauchy Abstract: Light controls pineal melatonin production and temporally coordinates circadian rhythms of metabolism and physiology in normal and neoplastic tissues. We previously showed that peak circulating nocturnal melatonin levels were 7-fold higher after daytime spectral transmittance of white light through blue-tinted (compared with clear) rodent cages. Here, we tested the hypothesis that daytime blue-light amplification of nocturnal melatonin enhances the inhibition of metabolism, signaling activity, and growth of prostate cancer xenografts. Compared with male nude rats housed in clear cages under a 12:12-h light:dark cycle, rats in blue-tinted cages (with increased transmittance of 462-484 nm and decreased red light greater than 640 nm) evinced over 6-fold higher peak plasma melatonin levels at middark phase (time, 2400), whereas midlight-phase levels (1200) were low (less than 3 pg/mL) in both groups. Circadian rhythms of arterial plasma levels of linoleic acid, glucose, lactic acid, pO2, pCO2, insulin, leptin, and corticosterone were disrupted in rats in blue cages as compared with the corresponding entrained rhythms in clear-caged rats. After implantation with tissue-isolated PC3 human prostate cancer xenografts, tumor latency-to-onset of growth and growth rates were markedly delayed, and tumor cAMP levels, uptake-metabolism of linoleic acid, aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), and growth signaling activities were reduced in rats in blue compared with clear cages. These data show that the amplification of nighttime melatonin levels by exposing nude rats to blue light during the daytime significantly reduces human prostate cancer metabolic, signaling, and proliferative activities. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2014

Abstract Title: Augmentation of light therapy in difficult-to-treat depressed patients: an open-label trial in both unipolar and bipolar patients. Abstract Source: Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2015 ;11:2331-8. Epub 2015 Sep 9. PMID: 26396517 Abstract Author(s): Giovanni Camardese, Beniamino Leone, Riccardo Serrani, Coco Walstra, Marco Di Nicola, Giacomo Della Marca, Pietro Bria, Luigi Janiri Article Affiliation: Giovanni Camardese Abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated the clinical benefits of bright light therapy (BLT) as an adjunct treatment to ongoing psychopharmacotherapy, both in unipolar and bipolar difficult-to-treat depressed (DTD) outpatients. METHODS: In an open-label study, 31 depressed outpatients (16 unipolar and 15 bipolar) were included to undergo 3 weeks of BLT. Twenty-five completed the treatment and 5-week follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical outcomes were evaluated by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). The Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale and the Depression Retardation Rating Scale were used to assess changes in anhedonia and psychomotor retardation, respectively. RESULTS: The adjunctive BLT seemed to influence the course of the depressive episode, and a statistically significant reduction in HDRS scores was reported since the first week of therapy. The treatment was well-tolerated, and no patients presented clinical signs of (hypo)manic switch during the overall treatment period. At the end of the study (after 5 weeks from BLT discontinuation), nine patients (36%, eight unipolar and one bipolar) still showed a treatment response. BLT augmentation also led to a significant improvement of psychomotor retardation. CONCLUSION: BLT combined with the ongoing pharmacological treatment offers a simple approach, and it might be effective in rapidly ameliorating depressive core symptoms of vulnerable DTD outpatients. These preliminary results need to be confirmed in placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trial on larger samples. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2014

Abstract Title: Lightening up Light Therapy: Activation of Retrograde Signaling Pathway by Photobiomodulation. Abstract Source: Biomol Ther (Seoul). 2014 Nov ;22(6):491-6. Epub 2014 Nov 30. PMID: 25489415 Abstract Author(s): Hong Pyo Kim Article Affiliation: Hong Pyo Kim Abstract: Photobiomodulation utilizes monochromatic (or quasimonochromatic) light in the electromagnetic region of 600∼1000 nm for the treatment of soft tissues in a nondestructive and nonthermal mode. It is conceivable that photobiomodulation is based upon the ability of the light to alter cell metabolism as it is absorbed by general hemoproteins and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) in particular. Recently it has beensuggested radiation of visible and infrared (IR) activates retrograde signaling pathway from mitochondria to nucleus. In this review, the role of COX in the photobiomodulation will be discussed. Further a possible role of water as a photoreceptor will be suggested. Article Published Date : Oct 31, 2014

Abstract Title: Rejuvenation of Gene Expression Pattern of Aged Human Skin by Broadband Light Treatment: A Pilot Study. Abstract Source: J Invest Dermatol. 2012 Aug 30. Epub 2012 Aug 30. PMID: 22931923 Abstract Author(s): Anne Lynn S Chang, Patrick H Bitter, Kun Qu, Meihong Lin, Nicole A Rapicavoli, Howard Y Chang Article Affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, California, USA. Abstract: Studies in model organisms suggest that aged cells can be functionally rejuvenated, but whether this concept applies to human skin is unclear. Here we apply 3'-end sequencing for expression quantification ("3-seq") to discover the gene expression program associated with human photoaging and intrinsic skin aging (collectively termed"skin aging"), and the impact of broadband light (BBL) treatment. We find that skin aging was associated with a significantly altered expression level of 2,265 coding and noncoding RNAs, of which 1,293 became"rejuvenated"after BBL treatment; i.e., they became more similar to their expression level in youthful skin. Rejuvenated genes (RGs) included several known key regulators of organismal longevity and their proximal long noncoding RNAs. Skin aging is not associated with systematic changes in 3'-end mRNA processing. Hence, BBL treatment can restore gene expression pattern of photoaged and intrinsically aged human skin to resemble young skin. In addition, our data reveal, to our knowledge, a previously unreported set of targets that may lead to new insights into the human skin aging process.Journal of Investigative Dermatology advance online publication, 30 August 2012; doi:10.1038/jid.2012.287. Article Published Date : Aug 29, 2012

Abstract Title: Phototoxic effect of curcumin on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and L929 fibroblasts. Abstract Source: Lasers Med Sci. 2012 Feb 23. Epub 2012 Feb 23. PMID: 22358772 Abstract Author(s): Ana Paula Dias Ribeiro, Ana Cláudia Pavarina, Livia Nordi Dovigo, Iguatemy Lourenço Brunetti, Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato, Carlos Eduardo Vergani, Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa Article Affiliation: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.. Abstract: Photodynamic therapy has been investigated as an alternative method of killing pathogens in response to the multiantibiotic resistance problem. This study evaluated the photodynamic effect of curcumin on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) compared to susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and L929 fibroblasts. Suspensions of MSSA and MRSA were treated with different concentrations of curcumin and exposed to light-emitting diode (LED). Serial dilutions were obtained from each sample, and colony counts were quantified. For fibroblasts, the cell viability subsequent to the curcumin-mediated photodynamic therapy was evaluated using the MTT assay and morphological changes were assessed by SEM analysis. Curcumin concentrations ranging from 5.0 to 20.0 μM in combination with any tested LED fluences resulted in photokilling of MSSA. However, only the 20.0 μM concentration in combination with highest fluence resulted in photokilling of MRSA. This combination also promoted an 80% reduction in fibroblast cell metabolism and morphological changeswere present, indicating that cell membrane was the main target of this phototherapy. The combination of curcumin with LED light caused photokilling of both S. aureus strains and may represent an alternative treatment for eradicating MRSA, responsible for significantly higher morbidity and mortalityand increased healthcare costs in institutions and hospitals. Article Published Date : Feb 23, 2012

Abstract Title: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of light therapy for antepartum depression. Abstract Source: J Clin Psychiatry. 2011 Jul ;72(7):986-93. Epub 2011 Apr 5. PMID: 21535997 Abstract Author(s): Anna Wirz-Justice, Anja Bader, Ulrike Frisch, Rolf-Dieter Stieglitz, Judith Alder, Johannes Bitzer, Irene Hösli, Sandra Jazbec, Francesco Benedetti, Michael Terman, Katherine L Wisner, Anita Riecher-Rössler Article Affiliation: Anna Wirz-Justice Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Affective disorder during pregnancy is a common condition requiring careful judgment to treat the depression while minimizing risk to the fetus. Following up on promising pilot trials, we studied the efficacy of light therapy. METHOD: Twenty-seven pregnant women with nonseasonal major depressive disorder according to DSM-IV (outpatients, university polyclinic) were randomly assigned to 7,000 lux fluorescent bright white or 70 lux dim red (placebo) light administered at home in the morning upon awakening for 1 h/d in a 5-week double-blind trial carried out between October 2004 and October 2008. Clinical state was monitored weekly with the 29-item Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) with Atypical Depression Supplement (SIGH-ADS). Changes of rating scale scores over time were analyzed with the general linear model. Differences from baseline of SIGH-ADS and 17-item HDRS scores at every time point were the dependent variables, time was the within-subjects factor, and treatment was the between-subjects factor. The model also included baseline score of depression and gestational age at intervention start. RESULTS: The superiority of bright light over dim light placebo was shown for both SIGH-ADS (R² = 0.251; F(3,23) = 3.91; P<.05) and HDRS (R² = 0.338; F(3,23) = 5.42; P<.01) when analyzing the week-by-week change from baseline, and HDRS scores showed a significant interaction of treatment with time (F(4,92) = 2.91; P<.05). Categorical analysis revealed that the response rate (HDRS≥ 50% improvement) at week 5 was significantly greater for bright light (81.3%, n = 16) than for placebo light (45.5%, n = 11) (P<.05). Remission (final score≤ 8) was attained by 68.6% versus 36.4%, respectively (P<.05). Expectation ratings did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Bright white light treatment for 5 weeks improved depression during pregnancy significantly more than placebo dim red light. The study provides evidence that light therapy, a simple, cost-effective antidepressant modality with minimal side effects for the mother and no known risk for the unborn child, may be a useful nonpharmacologic approach in this difficult situation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01043289. Article Published Date : Jun 30, 2011

Abstract Title: Bright light treatment in elderly patients with nonseasonal major depressive disorder: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Abstract Source: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011 Jan ;68(1):61-70. PMID: 21199966 Abstract Author(s): Ritsaert Lieverse, Eus J W Van Someren, Marjan M A Nielen, Bernard M J Uitdehaag, Jan H Smit, Witte J G Hoogendijk Article Affiliation: Ritsaert Lieverse Abstract: CONTEXT: Major depressive disorder (MDD) in elderly individuals is prevalent and debilitating. It is accompanied by circadian rhythm disturbances associated with impaired functioning of the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the biological clock of the brain. Circadian rhythm disturbances are common in the elderly. Suprachiasmatic nucleus stimulation using bright light treatment (BLT) may, therefore, improve mood, sleep, and hormonal rhythms in elderly patients with MDD. OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of BLT in elderly patients with MDD. DESIGN: Double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Home-based treatment in patients recruited from outpatient clinics and from case-finding using general practitioners' offices in the Amsterdam region. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-nine outpatients 60 years or older who had MDD underwent assessment at baseline (T0), after 3 weeks of treatment (T1), and 3 weeks after the end of treatment (T2). Intervention Three weeks of 1-hour early-morning BLT (pale blue, approximately 7500 lux) vs placebo (dim red light, approximately 50 lux). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean improvement in Hamilton Scale for Depression scores at T1 and T2 using parameters of sleep and cortisol and melatonin levels. RESULTS: Intention-to-treat analysis showed Hamilton Scale for Depression scores to improve with BLT more than placebo from T0 to T1 (7%; 95% confidence interval, 4%-23%; P = .03) and from T0 to T2 (21%; 7%-31%; P = .001). At T1 relative to T0, get-up time after final awakening in the BLT group advanced by 7% (P<.001), sleep efficiency increased by 2% (P = .01), and the steepness of the rise in evening melatonin levels increased by 81% (P = .03) compared with the placebo group. At T2 relative to T0, get-up time was still advanced by 3% (P = .001) and the 24-hour urinary free cortisol level was 37% lower (P = .003) compared with the placebo group. The evening salivary cortisol level had decreased by 34% in the BLT group compared with an increase of 7% in the placebo group (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: In elderly patients with MDD, BLT improved mood, enhanced sleep efficiency, and increased the upslope melatonin level gradient. In addition, BLT produced continuing improvement in mood and an attenuation of cortisol hyperexcretion after discontinuation of treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT00332670. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2010

Abstract Title: Green tea and red light--a powerful duo in skin rejuvenation. Abstract Source: Photomed Laser Surg. 2009 Dec;27(6):969-71. PMID: 19817517 Abstract Author(s): Andrei P Sommer, Dan Zhu Article Affiliation: Institute of Micro and Nanomaterials, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Juvenile skin has been the subject of intense research efforts since ancient times. This article reports on synergistic complementarities in the biological actions of green tea and red light, which inspired the design of a green tea-assisted facial rejuvenation program. BACKGROUND DATA: The approach is based on previous laboratory experiments providing insight into a mechanism by which visible light interacts with cells and their microenvironment. METHODS: After 2 months of extreme oxidative stress, green tea-filled cotton pads were placed once per day for 20 minutes onto the skin before treatment with an array of light-emitting diodes (central wavelength 670 nm, dermal dose 4 J/cm2). RESULTS: Rejuvenated skin, reduced wrinkle levels, and juvenile complexion, previously realized in 10 months of light treatment alone were realized in 1 month. CONCLUSION: The accelerated skin rejuvenation based on the interplay of the physicochemical and biological effects of light with the reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity of green tea extends the action spectrum of phototherapy. The duo opens the gate to a multitude of possible biomedical light applications and cosmetic formulas, including reversal of topical deterioration related to excess reactive oxygen species, such as graying of hair. Article Published Date : Dec 01, 2009

Abstract Title: Vitamin D and non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk in adults: a review. Abstract Source: Cancer Invest. 2009 Nov;27(9):942-51. PMID: 19832043 Abstract Author(s): Jennifer L Kelly, Jonathan W Friedberg, Laura M Calvi, Edwin van Wijngaarden, Susan G Fisher Article Affiliation: Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Abstract: Animal and human studies support a protective effect of vitamin D sufficiency related to malignancy by uncovering paracrine and autocrine effects of extra-renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) activation including regulation of cell cycle proliferation, apoptosis induction, and increased cell differentiation signaling. Recent epidemiologic studies demonstrate a reduction in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk with increased sunlight exposure. As sunlight is a major vitamin D source, it has been suggested that vitamin D status may mediate this observed association. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of the current epidemiologic evidence with regard to the investigation of an association between vitamin D status and NHL risk. Article Published Date : Nov 01, 2009

Abstract Title: The use of low-level light for hair growth: part I. Abstract Source: J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2009 Jun;11(2):110-7. PMID: 19466643 Abstract Author(s): Marc R Avram, Nicole E Rogers Article Affiliation: Cornell Department of Dermatology, New York, NY, USA. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a new therapy for the treatment of hair loss. It has received enormous media attention and tremendous marketing budgets from companies that sell the devices, but no independent, peer-reviewed studies have demonstrated its efficacy in this application. Here we investigate the efficacy of LLLT in enhancing hair growth. METHODS: A total of seven patients were exposed to LLLT twice weekly for 20 minutes each time over a period of 3-6 months. Five patients were treated for a total of 3 months and two were treated for 6 months. Videomicroscopic images were taken at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months, and analyzed for changes in vellus hair counts, terminal hair counts, and shaft diameter. Both videomicroscopic and global images underwent blinded review for evidence of subjective improvement. Patients also answered questionnaires assessing hair growth throughout the study. Neither patients nor physicians conducting the study received any financial compensation. RESULTS: The results indicate that on average patients had a decrease in the number of vellus hairs, an increase in the number of terminal hairs, and an increase in shaft diameter. However, paired i-testing indicated that none of these changes was statistically significant. Also, blinded evaluation of global images did not support an improvement in hair density or caliber. CONCLUSIONS: LLLT may be a promising treatment option for patients who do not respond to either finasteride or minoxidil, and who do not want to undergo hair transplantation. This technology appears to work better for some people than for others. Factors predicting who will most benefit are yet to be determined. Larger, longer-term placebo-controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings, and demonstrate statistical significance, or refute them altogether. Article Published Date : Jun 01, 2009

Abstract Title: Curcumin in combination with visible light inhibits tumor growth in a xenograft tumor model. Abstract Source: Int J Cancer. 2009 Mar 15;124(6):1422-8. PMID: 19035461 Abstract Author(s): Jadranka Dujic, Stefan Kippenberger, Ana Ramirez-Bosca, Joaquin Diaz-Alperi, Jürgen Bereiter-Hahn, Roland Kaufmann, August Bernd, Matthias Hofmann Abstract: It is known that curcumin, a dietary pigment from the plant Curcuma longa, inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in different cell lines; however, the therapeutic benefit is hampered by very low absorption after transdermal or oral application. Recent studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that curcumin at low concentrations (0.2-1 microg/ml) offered the described effects only when applied with UVA or visible light. Nevertheless, the in vivo efficacy of this combination is lacking. In the present study, we used a xenograft tumor model with human epithelial carcinoma A431 cells to test the effect of curcumin and visible light on tumor growth. It was found that tumor growth was significantly inhibited in mice that were i.p. injected with curcumin and consecutively irradiated with visible light. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry showed a reduction of Ki 67 expression, indicating a decrease of cycling cells and induction of apoptotic bodies. The effect on apoptosis was further confirmed by Western blot analysis showing enhanced activation of caspases-9. Vice versa inhibition of extracellular regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) was observed which may aid inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis. In summary, the present findings suggest a combination of curcumin and light as a new therapeutic concept to increase the efficacy of curcumin in the treatment of cancer. Article Published Date : Mar 15, 2009

Abstract Title: [Pricking blood therapy combined with ultraviolet irradiation for treatment of acute herpes zoster]. Abstract Source: Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2009 Apr;29(4):285-8. PMID: 19565736 Abstract Author(s): Qi Ouyang, Zhi-Jun Wei, Yan-Li Hou Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical therapeutic effect and the safety of pricking blood therapy combined with ultraviolet irradiation for treatment of acute herpes zoster. METHODS: One hundred and thirty cases were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 65 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with pricking blood therapy combined with ultraviolet irradiation. Firstly, the affected parts were heavily taped with a plum-blossom needle and then cupping. After the cup was removed, with the body surface-dividing field method, ultraviolet irradiation was given at the skin injury area and the nerve root area corresponding to paraspinal vertebra, and the control group was treated with Aciclovir and other western medicine. Seven days constituted one course. Their therapeutic effects and adverse reactions were observed. RESULTS: After treatment of 7 days, the cured rate of 76.9% and the total effective rate of 90.8% in the observation group were significantly higher than 38.5% and 66.2% in the control group, respectively (both P<0.01); the incidence rate of post herpetic neuralgia of 3.1% in the observation group was significantly lower than 12.3% in the control group (P<0.05); after treatment, the scores for pain, rash and sleep decreased significantly in the two groups (all P<0.01), more significantly decreased in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05); the pain-relieving time, herpes-stopping time, scab-forming time and the cured time in the cured patients of the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The pricking blood therapy combined with ultraviolet irradiation has rapid therapeutic effect, effectively shortens duration of illness, decreases the incidence rate of post herpetic neuralgia and it is a safe remedy for treatment of herpes zoster. Article Published Date : Apr 01, 2009

Abstract Title: Neuroprotective effects of near-infrared light in an in vivo model of mitochondrial optic neuropathy. Abstract Source: J Neurosci. 2008 Dec 10;28(50):13511-21. PMID: 19074024 Abstract Author(s): Julio C Rojas, Jung Lee, Joseph M John, F Gonzalez-Lima Abstract: Near-infrared light (NIL) promotes a wide range of biological effects including enhancement of energy production, gene expression and prevention of cell death. This is the first report of the in vivo neuroprotective effects of NIL against optic neuropathy induced by mitochondrial complex I inhibition. Subjects were pigmented rats that received single bilateral intravitreal doses of rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, or rotenone plus one of three different doses of NIL. Treatment effects were evaluated at behavioral, structural and neurochemical levels. Rotenone induced a decrease in visual function, as determined by changes in the dark-adapted illuminance sensitivity threshold, escape latency and rate of successful trials in a two-choice visual task, compared with vehicle-treated controls. Behavioral impairment correlated with a decrease in retinal and visual pathway metabolic activity, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and ganglion cell layer cell density. These changes were prevented by NIL treatments in a dose-dependent manner. Whole-brain cytochrome oxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were also increased in NIL-treated subjects in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting an in vivo transcranial effect of NIL. In whole-brain membrane isolates, NIL prevented the rotenone-induced decrease in cell respiration. The results show that NIL treatment can effectively prevent the neurotoxic effects of rotenone and that it might be used in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Article Published Date : Dec 10, 2008

Abstract Title: Low concentrations of curcumin induce growth arrest and apoptosis in skin keratinocytes only in combination with UVA or visible light. Abstract Source: J Invest Dermatol. 2007 Aug;127(8):1992-2000. Epub 2007 Apr 5. PMID: 17410200 Abstract Author(s): Jadranka Dujic, Stefan Kippenberger, Stephanie Hoffmann, Ana Ramirez-Bosca, Jaime Miquel, Joquin Diaz-Alperi, Jürgen Bereiter-Hahn, Roland Kaufmann, August Bernd Abstract: It is well known that curcumin, a dietary pigment from the plant Curcuma longa, inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in different cell lines at concentrations ranging from 10 to 150 microM (3.7-55 microg/ml). In this study, we show that curcumin at low concentrations (0.2-1 microg/ml) also has an antiproliferative effect when applied in combination with UVA or visible light. We demonstrate that such a treatment induces apoptosis in human skin keratinocytes represented by the increase of fragmented cell nuclei, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, activation of caspases-9 and -8, and inhibition of NF-kappaB activity. Furthermore, inhibition of extracellular regulated kinases 1/2 and protein kinase B was found to ensure the proapoptotic effect. Additionally, the EGFR, an upstream regulator of both kinases, was inhibited indicating that apoptosis is induced by blocking survival- and proliferation-associated signal cascades at the receptor level. In summary, these findings suggest a new therapeutic concept for the treatment of hyperproliferative diseases by combining topical curcumin with UVA or visible light. In particular, the latter avoids the use of carcinogenic irradiation that is part of regular phototherapy. Article Published Date : Aug 01, 2007

Abstract Title: Effects of light treatment on isoflavone content of germinated soybean seeds. Abstract Source: Exp Neurol. 2007 May;205(1):145-53. Epub 2007 Feb 12. PMID: 18841981 Abstract Author(s): Siviengkhek Phommalth, Yeon-Shin Jeong, Yong-Hoon Kim, Krishna Hari Dhakal, Young-Hyun Hwang Abstract: Our research objective was to increase isoflavone content in the germinated soybean seeds of four different varieties (Pungsannamulkong, Cheongjakong, Aga4, and Aga3) by optimizing light treatments (dark, greenhouse, fluorescent, incandescent, and ultraviolet lamps). The results demonstrated that the highest isoflavone content was produced from the Aga3 variety, which was developed by an interspecific cross between Eunhakong (Glycine max) and KLG10084 (G. soja) at the Plant Genetic Laboratory, Kyunpook National University. Aga3 is known to have one of the highest isoflavone content in the world at present. Our results recommend exposure of 7-day-old Aga3 sprouts to a combined light treatment of greenhouse lamps (12 h per day) and ultraviolet light (40 min per day) for maximum isoflavone production. Aga3 produced high levels of isoflavone because, in part, it contained very high isoflavone levels within the seed as compared with the other varieties. Under stress conditions, Aga3 could produce over 1.90 times more isoflavone than its seed content and 1.53 times more isoflavone than when grown under dark conditions. Article Published Date : May 01, 2007

Abstract Title: Indole-3-carbinol enhances ultraviolet B-induced apoptosis by sensitizing human melanoma cells. Abstract Source: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2006 Nov;63(22):2661-8. PMID: 17086378 Abstract Author(s): D-S Kim, Y-M Jeong, S-I Moon, S-Y Kim, S-B Kwon, E-S Park, S-W Youn, K-C Park Abstract: Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) has been found to act against several types of cancer, while ultraviolet B (UVB) is known to induce the apoptosis of human melanoma cells. Here, we investigated whether I3C can sensitize G361 human melanoma cells to UVB-induced apoptosis. We examined the effects of combined I3C and UVB (I3C/UVB) at various dosages. I3C (200 microM)/UVB (50 mJ/cm(2)) synergistically reduced melanoma cell viability, whereas I3C (200 microM) or UVB (50 mJ/cm(2)), separately, had little effect on cell viability. DNA fragmentation assays indicated that I3C/UVB induced apoptosis. Further results show that I3C/UVB activates caspase-8, -3, and Bid and causes the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Moreover, I3C decreased the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2, whereas UVB increased the translocation of Bax to mitochondria. Thus, an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio by I3C/UVB may result in melanoma apoptosis. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that I3C sensitizes human melanoma cells by down-regulating Bcl-2. Article Published Date : Nov 01, 2006

Abstract Title: Broad-band ultraviolet B phototherapy in zoster patients may reduce the incidence and severity of postherpetic neuralgia. Abstract Source: Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2006 Oct;22(5):232-7. PMID: 16948824 Abstract Author(s): Mir Hadi Aziz Jalali, Habib Ansarin, Razieh Soltani-Arabshahi Abstract: BACKGROUND: Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is one of the common complications of herpes zoster infection, particularly in the elderly. Current therapeutic measures are only partially effective in the affected patients. As inflammatory mediators released by different cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of this neuropathic pain and with regard to the immunomodulatory effects of ultraviolet B (UVB) spectrum, we presumed that UVB phototherapy might be effective in the prevention of PHN. METHOD: This study was performed in two phases. Phase I was a prospective open controlled trial. Twenty-five patients with severe pain in the first 7 days of zoster rash were divided into two groups: the prevention group (n=12) received oral acyclovir (800 mg five times a day for 10 days) plus broad-band UVB to the affected dermatomes, starting with 20 mJ/cm(2) and gradually increasing the dose by 10 mJ/cm(2) each session to a maximum dose of 100 mJ/cm(2). Treatment sessions were repeated three times a week until pain relief or to a maximum of 15 sessions. The control group (n=13), who had disease characteristics similar to the prevention group, received only oral acyclovir with the same dose. All patients reported their severity of pain on a verbal rating scale (VRS, score 0-4) before treatment and at 1 and 3 months' follow-up. In phase II of the study, five patients with established PHN (more than 3 months after rash onset) received UVB with the above-mentioned protocol. RESULTS: A total of 17 patients older than 40 (10 females, seven males; mean age, 65.5 years; range: 47-82 years) who had intractable pain due to zoster infection received UVB in two phases of the study. In patients who received phototherapy in the first 7 days of rash, 58.33% and 83.33% were completely pain free at 1-and 3-month follow-up, respectively. The corresponding figure in the control group was significantly lower (38.46% at 1 month and 53.85% at 3 months). The severity of pain was also lower in the phototherapy group than the control group (mean VRS 2.50 vs. 3.28 at 3 months). None of the patients who were treated more than 3 months after rash onset (established PHN) experienced significant (more than 50%) pain relief. CONCLUSION: UVB phototherapy in the acute stage of zoster rash might reduce the incidence and severity of PHN. Treatment after 3 months does not seem to have a significant beneficial effect. Article Published Date : Oct 01, 2006

Abstract Title: The Can-SAD study: a randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of light therapy and fluoxetine in patients with winter seasonal affective disorder. Abstract Source: Am J Psychiatry. 2006 May;163(5):805-12. PMID: 16648320 Abstract Author(s): Raymond W Lam, Anthony J Levitt, Robert D Levitan, Murray W Enns, Rachel Morehouse, Erin E Michalak, Edwin M Tam Article Affiliation: Mood Disorders Centre, UBC Hospital, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A1. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Light therapy and antidepressants have shown comparable efficacy in separate studies of seasonal affective disorder treatment, but few studies have directly compared the two treatments. This study compared the effectiveness of light therapy and an antidepressant within a single trial. METHOD: This double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was conducted in four Canadian centers over three winter seasons. Patients met DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder with a seasonal (winter) pattern and had scores>or = 23 on the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. After a baseline observation week, eligible patients were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of double-blind treatment with either 1) 10,000-lux light treatment and a placebo capsule, or 2) 100-lux light treatment (placebo light) and fluoxetine, 20 mg/day. Light treatment was applied for 30 minutes/day in the morning with a fluorescent white-light box; placebo light boxes used neutral density filters. RESULTS: A total of 96 patients were randomly assigned to a treatment condition. Intent-to-treat analysis showed overall improvement with time, with no differences between treatments. There were also no differences between the light and fluoxetine treatment groups in clinical response rates (67% for each group) or remission rates (50% and 54%, respectively). Post hoc testing found that light-treated patients had greater improvement at 1 week but not at other time points. Fluoxetine was associated with greater treatment-emergent adverse events (agitation, sleep disturbance, palpitations), but both treatments were generally well-tolerated with no differences in overall number of adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: Light treatment showed earlier response onset and lower rate of some adverse events relative to fluoxetine, but there were no other significant differences in outcome between light therapy and antidepressant medication. Although limited by lack of a double-placebo condition, this study supports the effectiveness and tolerability of both treatments for seasonal affective disorder and suggests that other clinical factors, including patient preference, should guide selection of first-line treatment. Article Published Date : May 01, 2006

Abstract Title: The potential of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.), an Israeli native, as a source of edible sprouts rich in antioxidants. Abstract Source: Br J Cancer. 2005 Sep 5;93(5):590-6. PMID: 17852500 Abstract Author(s): Yiftach Vaknin, Rivka Hadas, Dan Schafferman, Leonid Murkhovsky, Neta Bashan Abstract: The potential of wild plants in Israel as sources of edible sprouts has not been investigated until now. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) is native to the Mediterranean basin and is now widespread throughout the world; its young fleshy stems are traditionally eaten by the local Arab sector in Israel, and its sprouts are rich in antioxidants and have been used as a traditional medicine for diseases of the liver and biliary tract. The active extract of milk thistle, silymarin, is a mixture of flavonolignans and is a strong antioxidant that has been proved to promote liver cell regeneration, to reduce blood cholesterol and to help prevent cancer. The present objective was to investigate the potential of milk thistle as a source of edible sprouts rich in antioxidants. We found that seed germination within 3-4 days was high (96%, except for striated seeds). Exposure to light significantly reduced sprout growth and significantly increased the polyphenol content and antioxidative capacity. The polyphenol content was 30% higher in seeds originating from purple inflorescences than in those from white ones. We thus found milk thistle to be a good candidate source of healthy edible sprouts. Article Published Date : Sep 05, 2005

Abstract Title: Hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy induces lipid peroxidation and necrosis in nasopharyngeal cancer. Abstract Source: Int J Oncol. 2003 Nov;23(5):1401-5. PMID: 14532982 Abstract Author(s): Hong-Yan Du, Malini Olivo, Benny Kwong-Huat Tan, Boon-Huat Bay Abstract: Photoactivation of hypericin is known to generate singlet oxygen and superoxide anion radicals. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by photodynamic therapy (PDT) has the capacity to induce oxidative damage and tumor destruction. We have previously shown that hypericin-PDT induces tumor shrinkage and regression in the human nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC)/HK1 murine tumor model. In this extended study, we show by electron microscopy that subcutaneously implanted HK1 NPC cells from Balb/c nude mice perished by cell necrosis with hypericin-PDT treatment. There was evidence of cytoplasmic swelling accompanied by loss of cell membrane integrity and autophagic vacuolization of cytoplasm but no nuclear changes. There was also no significant difference in the apoptotic index of control and PDT-treated tumors, when analyzed by in situ end labeling of DNA strand breakage to detect apoptosis. This further supports the observation that cell death in PDT-treated NPC/HK1 tumors was by necrosis. Lipid peroxidative stress analyzed by the malonaldehyde assay was significantly elevated in PDT-treated cells. However, PDT had no effect on the activity of superoxide dismutase, an intracellular antioxidant enzyme. The findings show that hypericin-PDT of nasopharyngeal tumors in vivo induces tumor necrosis with accompanying lipid peroxidation. Article Published Date : Nov 01, 2003

Abstract Title: Inhibition of lung metastasis of B16 melanoma cells exposed to blue light in mice. Abstract Source: Int J Mol Med. 2002 Dec;10(6):701-5. PMID: 12429995 Abstract Author(s): Masayuki Ohara, Yuzo Kawashima, Shunichi Kitajima, Chizuru Mitsuoka, Hiromitsu Watanabe Abstract: The effects of blue light on B16 melanoma cells and on the metastasis of these cells to the lungs were investigated in mice. The exposure of B16 melanoma cells to blue light in two 20-min sessions resulted in marked suppression of cell growth measured at 7 days after exposure. When these cells were harvested, re-inoculated into medium and incubated for a further 7 days, their growth activity returned to almost the same level as that of cultured cells from the non-exposure control group. The melanoma cells harvested after 7 days of incubation were injected intravenously into mice. In the non-exposure group, black nodules developed on the lung surface and the nodules increased in size over time. In the blue-light-exposure group, the development of such black nodules on the lung surface was delayed, and the nodules were smaller. Histopathological examination revealed that blue light suppressed the growth of metastatic tumor cells, and no increase in the number of melanin-containing cells or atypical cells was induced in the metastatic lesions. These results suggest that blue light suppresses the metastasis of B16 melanoma cells. Article Published Date : Dec 01, 2002

Abstract Title: Bright light therapy decreases winter binge frequency in women with bulimia nervosa: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Abstract Source: Compr Psychiatry. 1999 Nov-Dec;40(6):442-8. PMID: 10579376 Abstract Author(s): D L Braun, S R Sunday, V M Fornari, K A Halmi Article Affiliation: D L Braun Abstract: The study objective was to determine the effect of winter bright light therapy on binge and purge frequencies and depressive symptoms in subjects with bulimia nervosa. Thirty-four female bulimic outpatients were treated with either 10,000 lux bright white light or 50 lux dim red light (placebo control) during the winter months. In this double-blind study, the placebo group (n = 18) and the bright light group (n = 16) were matched for age, degree of seasonality (measured by the Seasonal Patterns Assessment Questionnaire [SPAQ]), and concurrent depression (measured by Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV [SCID]). Three weeks of baseline data collection were followed by 3 weeks of half-hour daily morning light treatment and 2 weeks of follow-up evaluation. There was a significant light-treatment by time interaction (Wilks' lambda = .81, F(2,28) = 3.31, P = .05). The mean binge frequency decreased significantly more from baseline to the end of treatment for the bright light group (F(1,29) = 6.41, P = .017) than for the placebo group. The level of depression (measured by daily Beck Depression Inventory [BDI] scores) did not significantly differ between the groups during any phase, and neither depression nor seasonality affected the response to light treatment. In this double-blind study, bulimic women who received 3 weeks of winter bright light treatment reported a reduced binge frequency between baseline and the active treatment period in comparison to subjects receiving dim red light. Article Published Date : Oct 31, 1999

Abstract Title: Efficacy of light versus tryptophan therapy in seasonal affective disorder. Abstract Source: J Affect Disord. 1998 Jul;50(1):23-7. PMID: 9716275 Abstract Author(s): A M Ghadirian, B E Murphy, M J Gendron Article Affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Although light therapy has become the accepted treatment for patients suffering from seasonal affective disorder (SAD, winter depression), almost 40% of these patients do not respond, and require an alternative treatment. METHODS: The therapeutic effects of light versus tryptophan on SAD were studied in a repeated measures design in 13 SAD patients (11 women, 2 men). Light therapy for 2 weeks or tryptophan for 4 weeks was given, separated by a one week washout period. All were assessed with the modified Hamilton Depression Rating scale (SIGH-SAD) at the beginning and end of each treatment. RESULTS: Four (31%) of the patients did not respond to either therapy. Four tryptophan-resistant patients responded to light therapy, while one light therapy-resistant patient responded to tryptophan. Relapse occurred rapidly after stopping light therapy but not after stopping tryptophan therapy. CONCLUSIONS: There were significant therapeutic effects of both light (p = 0.012) and tryptophan (p = 0.014) on SAD, which were not significantly different from each other. There may be a time difference between the residual pharmacokinetic effects after stopping therapy. LIMITATIONS: The groups studied were small. This was an open study. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Tryptophan was equally effective to light therapy in treating SAD, but relapse after withdrawal of tryptophan probably occurs more slowly. Article Published Date : Jul 01, 1998

Abstract Title: The importance of light in the anti-HIV effect of hypericin. Abstract Source: Antiviral Res. 1993 Feb;20(2):173-8. PMID: 8460933 Abstract Author(s): J B Hudson, L Harris, G H Towers Article Affiliation: Division of Medical Microbiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Abstract: The requirement for light in the anti-HIV-1 activity of hypericin was investigated. The hypericin concentration-dependence and light dosage-dependence of the reaction were measured. Under conditions in which hypericin caused substantial inactivation of HIV-1, there was a strict requirement for visible light. Only when the concentration of hypericin approached the cytotoxic level was there an apparent light-independent antiviral effect. This strict light-requirement for the antiviral effect could explain some of the apparently discrepant results reported by other workers. Furthermore if hypericin is contemplated for use in humans, the importance of light must be considered. Article Published Date : Feb 01, 1993