DISEASES

Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a person's thoughts, behavior, tendencies, feelings, and sense of well-being. A depressed mood is a normal temporary reaction to life events such as loss of a loved one. It is also a symptom of some physical diseases and a side effect of some drugs and medical treatments. Depressed mood is also a symptom of some mood disorders such as major depressive disorder or dysthymia.

Dermatitis, also known as eczema, is a group of diseases that results in inflammation of the skin. These diseases are characterized by itchiness, red skin and a rash. In cases of short duration, there may be small blisters, while in long-term cases the skin may become thickened. The area of skin involved can vary from small to the entire body.

Diabesity: Diabetes mellitus

One of the strongest links between obesity and disease is that with type 2 diabetes. These two conditions are so strongly linked that researchers in the 1970s started calling it "diabesity". Excess weight is behind 64% of cases of diabetes in men and 77% of cases in women.

Diabetes mellitus type 1, also known as type 1 diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus in which not enough insulin is produced. This results in high blood sugar levels in the body. The classical symptoms are frequent urination, increased thirst, increased hunger, and weight loss. Additional symptoms may include blurry vision, feeling tired, and poor healing. Symptoms typically develop over a short period of time.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (also known as type 2 diabetes) is a long-term metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. Common symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss. Symptoms may also include increased hunger, feeling tired, and sores that do not heal. Often symptoms come on slowly. Long-term complications from high blood sugar include heart disease, strokes, diabetic retinopathy which can result in blindness, kidney failure, and poor blood flow in the limbs which may lead to amputations. The sudden onset of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state may occur; however, ketoacidosis is uncommon.

Diabetic Complications: Diabetes increases your risk for many serious health problems. The good news? With the correct treatment and recommended lifestyle changes, many people with diabetes are able to prevent or delay the onset of complications.

• Skin Complications - Stay alert for symptoms of skin infections and other skin disorders common in people with diabetes.
• Eye Complications - Keep your risk of glaucoma, cataracts and other eye problems low with regular checkups.
• Neuropathy - Nerve damage from diabetes is called diabetic neuropathy (new-ROP-uh-thee). About half of all people with diabetes have some form of nerve damage.
• Foot Complications - Learn about neuropathy (which can cause numbness in the feet) as well as other complications.
• DKA (Ketoacidosis) & Ketones - Know the warning signs of DKA and check urine for ketones, especially when you're sick.
• Kidney Disease (Nephropathy) - Keep your diabetes and blood pressure under control to lower the chance of getting kidney disease.
• High Blood Pressure - High blood pressure—also called hypertension—raises your risk for heart attack, stroke, eye problems, and kidney disease.
• Stroke - Maintain target levels for blood glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol to reduce your risk of stroke.
• HHNS - HHNS is a serious condition most frequently seen in older persons. It is usually brought on by something else, such as an illness or infection.
• Gastroparesis - Get treatment to help you manage gastroparesis, so that you can be as healthy and comfortable as possible.

DNA damage, due to environmental factors and normal metabolic processes inside the cell, occurs at a rate of 10,000 to 1,000,000 molecular lesions per cell per day. While this constitutes only 0.000165% of the human genome's approximately 6 billion bases (3 billion base pairs), unrepaired lesions in critical genes (such as tumor suppressor genes) can impede a cell's ability to carry out its function and appreciably increase the likelihood of tumor formation and contribute to tumour heterogeneity.