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Comparative analysis of biofeedback and physical therapy for treatment of urinary stress incontinence in women.
Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2001 Jul;80(7):494-502. PMID: 11421517
Outpatient Clinic, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Charité, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of an intensive group physical therapy program with individual biofeedback training for female patients with urinary stress incontinence.
DESIGN: Randomized study of two therapeutic interventions consisting of a specific physical therapy program (PT) or biofeedback training (BF) daily for 4 wk, followed by a 2-mo, unsupervised home exercise program in both groups in an outpatient clinic of a large university hospital. Forty women, referred by gynecologists for nonoperative treatment of genuine stress incontinence of mild-to-moderate severity, were included. Measurements of daytime/nocturnal urinary frequency and subjective improvement of incontinence were the main outcome measures at initial presentation, after completion of the therapy program, and at follow-up after 3 mo. Standardized examinations of digital contraction strength, speculum tests, and manometric measurements were documented as secondary outcome measures.
RESULTS: In the PT group, the daytime urination frequency decreased 22% after 4 wk of therapy and 19% after 3 mo (P<0.05) from baseline. The nocturnal urination frequency was reduced by 66% after 4 wk of therapy and 62% after 3 mo (P<0.001). In the BF group, the daily urination frequency decreased 10% after 4 wk of therapy and 5% after 3 mo (P>0.05). The nocturnal urination frequency declined 36% after 4 wk of therapy and 66% after 3 months (P<0.05). Subjective assessment after 3 mo showed that in the PT group, 28% of patients were free of incontinence episodes, 68% reported improved symptoms (incontinence episodes improved by>50%), and 4% were unchanged. In the BF group, 62% were free of incontinence episodes, and 38% were improved. Results of the digital contraction strength assessments, speculum tests, and manometric measurements showed statistically significant improvement in all variables in both groups after 3 months.
CONCLUSION: Four weeks of both intensive group physical therapy or individual biofeedback training followed by an unsupervised home exercise program for 2 mo are effective therapies for female urinary stress incontinence and result in a significantly reduced nocturnal urinary frequency and improved subjective outcome. Only group physical therapy resulted in reduced daytime urinary frequency. BF therapy resulted in a better subjective outcome and higher contraction pressures of the pelvic floor muscles.
