CYBERMED LIFE - ORGANIC  & NATURAL LIVING

Vitamin C

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid and L-ascorbic acid, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. The disease scurvy is prevented and treated with vitamin C-containing foods or dietary supplements. Evidence does not support use in the general population for the prevention of the common cold. There is, however, some evidence that regular use may shorten the length of colds. It is unclear if supplementation affects the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, or dementia. It may be taken by mouth or by injection.

Vitamin C is generally well tolerated. Large doses may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, headache, trouble sleeping, and flushing of the skin. Normal doses are safe during pregnancy. The United States Institute of Medicine recommends against taking large doses.

Vitamin C is an essential nutrient involved in the repair of tissue and the enzymatic production of certain neurotransmitters. It is required for the functioning of several enzymes and is important for immune system function. It also functions as an antioxidant. Foods containing vitamin C include citrus fruits, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, raw bell peppers, and strawberries. Prolonged storage or cooking may reduce vitamin C content in foods.

Vitamin C was discovered in 1912, isolated in 1928, and in 1933 was the first vitamin to be chemically produced. It is on the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. Vitamin C is available as a generic medication and over-the-counter drug. In 2015, the wholesale cost in the developing world was less than US$0.01 per tablet. Partly for its discovery, Albert Szent-Györgyi and Walter Norman Haworth were awarded 1937 Nobel Prizes in Physiology and Medicine and Chemistry, respectively.

  • Don't buy the cheapest vitamins (they probably won't do much good)

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    Don't buy the cheapest vitamins (they probably won't do much good) image When it comes to buying vitamins, don't go for the cheapest: they probably won't do you much good, new research has found.

    The most popular—and cheapest—brands of vitamins and minerals don't help prevent any of the major diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, heart attack, stroke or premature death.

    Popular multivitamins, and vitamin D, calcium and vitamin C supplements didn't have any protective effects, although they didn't do any harm either, say researchers at the University of Toronto, who analysed previously-published papers.

  • A clinical pilot study of lignin--ascorbic acid combination treatment of herpes simplex virus. 📎

    Abstract Title:

    A clinical pilot study of lignin--ascorbic acid combination treatment of herpes simplex virus.

    Abstract Source:

    In Vivo. 2009 Nov-Dec;23(6):1011-6. PMID: 20023248

    Abstract Author(s):

    Blanca Silvia Gonzalez Lopez, Masaji Yamamoto, Katsuaki Utsumi, Chiaki Aratsu, Hiroshi Sakagami

    Article Affiliation:

    Blanca Silvia Gonzalez Lopez

    Abstract:

    Antiviral drugs as well as natural remedies have been used to reduce symptoms and the rate of recurrences of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, a common disease. To evaluate anti-HSV-1 activity of a pine cone lignin and ascorbic acid treatment, a clinical pilot study was carried out. Forty-eight healthy patients of both genders between 4 and 61 years old (mean: 31+/-16 years), with active lesions of HSV-1, took part in the study. According to the HSV-1 stage at the presentation, the patients were classified into the prodromic (16 patients), erythema (11 patients), papule edema (1 patient), vesicle/pustule (13 patients) and ulcer stages (7 patients). One mg of lignin-ascorbic acid tablet or solution was orally administered three times daily for a month. Clinical evaluations were made daily the first week and at least three times a week during the second week after the onset and every six months during the subsequent year to identify recurrence episodes. The patients who began the lignin-ascorbic acid treatment within the first 48 hours of symptom onset did not develop HSV-1 characteristic lesions, whereas those patients who began the treatment later experienced a shorter duration of cold sore lesions and a decrease in the symptoms compared with previous episodes. The majority of the patients reported the reduction in the severity of symptoms and the reduction in the recurrence episodes after the lignin-ascorbic acid treatment compared with previous episodes, suggesting its possible applicability for the prevention and treatment of HSV-1 infection.

  • A Comparative Study on the Life-Saving Radioprotective Effects of Vitamins A, E, C and Over-the-Counter Multivitamins. 📎

    Abstract Title:

    A Comparative Study on the Life-Saving Radioprotective Effects of Vitamins A, E, C and Over-the-Counter Multivitamins.

    Abstract Source:

    J Biomed Phys Eng. 2015 Jun ;5(2):59-66. Epub 2015 Jun 1. PMID: 26157731

    Abstract Author(s):

    S M J Mortazavi, S Rahimi, M A Mosleh-Shirazi, M Arjomandi, A Soleimani, O Koohi Hossein-Abadi, M Haghani, M Alavi

    Article Affiliation:

    S M J Mortazavi

    Abstract:

    INTRODUCTION:Oral intake of vitamins which present antioxidant characteristics can protect living organisms against oxidative damage caused by exposure to ionizing radiation. It was previously reported that administration of high levels of vitamin C can lead to increased DNA damage through production of hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide by the Fenton reaction. However, our early experiments did not confirm this hypothesis. The main goal of this study was to determine if high doses of Vit C can show life-saving radioprotective effects.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS:Phase I: Seventy two male Balb/c mice weighing 20-25g were randomly divided into six groups of 12 animals each. Group I; Vit E for five days, Groups II and III; Vit C and Vit A. Group 4; all three vitamins. Group V; an over-the-counter multivitamin. Group VI; none of the above. Phase II: 120 male BALB/c mice weighing 20-25g were randomly divided into 12 groups of 10 each. Group I; Vit A for five days. Groups II-IV; Vit C 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg, respectively. Group V-VII; Vit E at daily doses of 200 iu/kg, 400 iu/kg, 800 iu/kg, respectively. Group VIII and IX; all three vitamins at low and high doses, respectively. Group X; an over-the-counter multivitamin. Group XI; controls group and Group XII; received pure olive oil. All animals (Phases I and II) were exposed to a lethal dose of gamma rays and the survival rates of the animals were monitored and recorded continuously for 16 days after exposure.

    RESULTS:Phase I: 14 days after irradiation the survival rate for control group was 33.33%, while the survival rates for the 1st to 5th groups were 45.45%, 81.81%, 50%, 57.14%, and 9.09% , respectively. Phase II: The survival rates in the control group and the group that only received pure olive oil, were 50% and 60%, respectively. Survival rate in the animals received Vit C at daily doses of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg, were 90%, 90% and 90%, respectively. Log rank (Mantel-Cox) test showed statistically significant differences between the survival rates in control irradiated mice (no vitamins) and mice received Vit C at daily doses of 200 mg/kg (P=0.042), 400 mg/kg (P=0.042) and 800 mg/kg (P=0.042).

    CONCLUSION:Altogether, findings of this study showed that even high doses of Vit C can show life-saving radioprotective effects. The significant radioprotective effect of Vit C at doses used in this study, opens new horizons in developing non-toxic, cost effective, easily available radioprotectors in life-threatening situations such as exposure to lethal doses of ionizing radiation.  The radioprotective effect of Vit A and Vit E seem to be less efficient compared to that of Vit C.

  • A critical review of vitamin C for the prevention of age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. 📎

    Abstract Title:

    A critical review of vitamin C for the prevention of age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease.

    Abstract Source:

    J Alzheimers Dis. 2012 ;29(4):711-26. PMID: 22366772

    Abstract Author(s):

    Fiona E Harrison

    Article Affiliation:

    Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

    Abstract:

    Antioxidants in the diet have long been thought to confer some level of protection against the oxidative damage that is involved in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease as well as general cognitive decline in normal aging. Nevertheless, support for this hypothesis in the literature is equivocal. In the case of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in particular, lack of consideration of some of the specific features of vitamin C metabolism has led to studies in which classification of participants according to vitamin C status is inaccurate, and the absence of critical information precludes the drawing of appropriate conclusions. Vitamin C levels in plasma are not always reported, and estimated daily intake from food diaries may not be accurate or reflect actual plasma values. The ability to transport ingested vitamin C from the intestines into blood is limited by the saturable sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter (SVCT1) and thus very high intakes and the use of supplements are often erroneously considered to be of greater benefit that they really are. The current review documents differences among the studies in terms of vitamin C status of participants. Overall, there is a large body of evidence that maintaining healthy vitamin C levels can have a protective function against age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease, but avoiding vitamin C deficiency is likely to be more beneficial than taking supplements on top of a normal, healthy diet.

  • A multicenter, double-blind, safety study of QR-333 for the treatment of symptomatic diabetic peripheral neuropathy. A preliminary report.

    Abstract Title:

    A multicenter, double-blind, safety study of QR-333 for the treatment of symptomatic diabetic peripheral neuropathy. A preliminary report.

    Abstract Source:

    J Diabetes Complications. 2005 Sep-Oct;19(5):247-53. PMID: 16112498

    Abstract Author(s):

    Paul Valensi, Claude Le Devehat, Jean-Louis Richard, Cherifo Farez, Taraneh Khodabandehlou, Richard A Rosenbloom, Carolyn LeFante

    Article Affiliation:

    Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabetologie, Nutrition, Hopital Jean Verdier, AP-HP, Avenue du 14 Juillet, Bondy, France.

    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: QR-333, a topical compound that contains quercetin, a flavonoid with aldose reductase inhibitor effects, ascorbyl palmitate, and vitamin D(3), was formulated to decrease the oxidative stress that contributes to peripheral diabetic neuropathy and thus alleviate its symptoms. This proof-of-principle study assessed the efficacy and safety of QR-333 against placebo in a small cohort of patients with diabetic neuropathy. METHODS: This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial included 34 men and women (21-71 years of age) with Type 1 or 2 diabetes and diabetic neuropathy who applied QR-333 or placebo (2:1 ratio), three times daily for 4 weeks, to each foot where symptoms were experienced. Five-point scales were used to determine changes from baseline to endpoint in symptoms and quality of life (efficacy). Safety was assessed through concomitant medications, adverse events, laboratory evaluations, and physical examinations. RESULTS: QR-333 reduced the severity of numbness, jolting pain, and irritation from baseline values. Improvements were also seen in overall and specific quality-of-life measures. QR-333 was well tolerated. Eleven patients in the QR-333 group reported 23 adverse events (all mild or moderate); 4 in the placebo group reported 5 events (all moderate). One patient who applied QR-333 noted a pricking sensation twice, the only adverse event considered possibly related to study treatment. CONCLUSIONS: From this preliminary safety study, it appears that QR-333 may safely offer relief of symptoms of diabetic neuropathy and improve quality of life. These findings warrant further investigation of this topical compound.

  • A New Mechanism of Vitamin C Effects on A/FM/1/47(H1N1) Virus-Induced Pneumonia in Restraint-Stressed Mice. 📎

    Abstract Title:

    A New Mechanism of Vitamin C Effects on A/FM/1/47(H1N1) Virus-Induced Pneumonia in Restraint-Stressed Mice.

    Abstract Source:

    Biomed Res Int. 2015 ;2015:675149. Epub 2015 Feb 1. PMID: 25710018

    Abstract Author(s):

    Ying Cai, Yi-Fang Li, Lu-Ping Tang, Bun Tsoi, Min Chen, Huan Chen, Xiao-Mei Chen, Rui-Rong Tan, Hiroshi Kurihara, Rong-Rong He

    Article Affiliation:

    Ying Cai

    Abstract:

    It is well known that vitamin C could protect against influenza infection, but little is known about the mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the influence and possible mechanisms of vitamin C on pneumonia induced by influenza virus in stressed mice. Results showed that restraint stress significantly increased the mortality and the severity of pneumonia in mice caused by A/FM/1/47(H1N1) virus infection, which was attenuated by oral administration of vitamin C (125 and 250 mg/kg). Moreover, vitamin C administration significantly decreased expression of susceptibility genes, including mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), and increased expression of NF-κB. These work in conjunction to induce type I interferons (IFNs) and elicit innate antiviral response as key factors in RIG-I-mediated signal transduction pathway. The above effects of vitamin C were further found to relate with inhibition of excess CORT synthesis by regulating steroid hydroxylating enzymes in adrenal gland. In conclusion, the protective effects ofvitamin C on influenza virus-caused pneumonia might be related to its inhibition of CORT synthesis, which reduces the susceptibility to influenza viral infection in restraint-stressed mice. These findings provide a new mechanism for the effects of vitamin C on influenza virus-induced pneumonia in restraint-stressed mice.

  • A Novel Combination of Vitamin C, Curcumin and Glycyrrhizic Acid Potentially Regulates Immune and Inflammatory Response Associated with Coronavirus Infections: A Perspective from System Biology Analysis📎

    Abstract Title:

    A Novel Combination of Vitamin C, Curcumin and Glycyrrhizic Acid Potentially Regulates Immune and Inflammatory Response Associated with Coronavirus Infections: A Perspective from System Biology Analysis.

    Abstract Source:

    Nutrients. 2020 Apr 24 ;12(4). Epub 2020 Apr 24. PMID: 32344708

    Abstract Author(s):

    Liang Chen, Chun Hu, Molly Hood, Xue Zhang, Lu Zhang, Juntao Kan, Jun Du

    Article Affiliation:

    Liang Chen

    Abstract:

    Novel coronaviruses (CoV) have emerged periodically around the world in recent years. The recurrent spreading of CoVs imposes an ongoing threat to global health and the economy. Since no specific therapy for these CoVs is available, any beneficial approach (including nutritional and dietary approach) is worth investigation. Based on recent advances in nutrients and phytonutrients research, a novel combination of vitamin C, curcumin and glycyrrhizic acid (VCG Plus) was developed that has potential against CoV infection. System biology tools were applied to explore the potential of VCG Plus in modulating targets and pathways relevant to immune and inflammation responses. Gene target acquisition, gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were conducted consecutively along with network analysis. The results show that VCG Plus can act on 88 hub targets which are closely connected and associated with immune and inflammatory responses. Specifically, VCG Plus has the potential to regulate innate immune response by acting on NOD-like and Toll-like signaling pathways to promote interferons production, activate and balance T-cells, and regulate the inflammatory response by inhibiting PI3K/AKT, NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. All these biological processes and pathways have been well documented in CoV infections studies. Therefore, our findings suggest that VCG Plus may be helpful in regulating immune response to combat CoV infections and inhibit excessive inflammatory responses to prevent the onset of cytokine storm. However, further in vitro and in vivo experiments are warranted to validate the current findings with system biology tools. Our current approach provides a new strategy in predicting formulation rationale when developing new dietary supplements.

  • A Novel DSC Approach for Evaluating Protectant Drugs Efficacy against Dementia.

    Abstract Title:

    A Novel DSC Approach for Evaluating Protectant Drugs Efficacy against Dementia.

    Abstract Source:

    Biochim Biophys Acta. 2017 Aug 1. Epub 2017 Aug 1. PMID: 28778589

    Abstract Author(s):

    Silviya Abarova, Rumiana Koynova, Lyubka Tancheva, Boris Tenchov

    Article Affiliation:

    Silviya Abarova

    Abstract:

    Differential scanning calorimetry was applied to evaluate the efficacy of preventive treatments with biologically active compounds of plant origin against neurodegenerative disorder in mice. As we reported recently, large differences exist between the heat capacity profiles of water-soluble brain proteome fractions from healthy animals and from animals with scopolamine-induced dementia: the profiles for healthy animals displayed well expressed exothermic event peaking at 40-45°C, by few degrees above body temperature, but still preceding in temperature the proteome endothermic denaturational transitions; the low-temperature exotherm was completely abolished by the scopolamine treatment. Here we explored this signature difference in the heat capacity profiles to assess the efficacy of preventive treatments with protectant drugs anticipated to slow down or block progression of dementia (myrtenal, ellagic acid, lipoic acid and their combinations, including also ascorbic acid). We found that these neuroprotectants counteract the scopolamine effect and partially or completely preserve the 'healthy' thermogram, and specifically the low-temperature exotherm. These results well correlate with the changes in the cognitive functions of the animals assessed using the Step Through Test for learning and memory. The exothermic event is deemed to be associated with a reversible process of fibrillization and/or aggregation of specific water-soluble brain protein fractions preceding their denaturation. Most importantly, the results demonstrate that the effect of scopolamine and its prevention by protectant substances are clearly displayed in the heat capacity profilesof the brain proteome, thus identifying DSC as a powerful method in drug testing and discovery.

  • A novel osteoporosis model with ascorbic acid deficiency in Akr1A1 gene knockout mice. 📎

    Abstract Title:

    A novel osteoporosis model with ascorbic acid deficiency in Akr1A1 gene knockout mice.

    Abstract Source:

    Oncotarget. 2017 Jan 31 ;8(5):7357-7369. PMID: 28060768

    Abstract Author(s):

    Cheng-Wei Lai, Hsiao-Ling Chen, Min-Yu Tu, Wei-Yu Lin, Theresa Röhrig, Shang-Hsun Yang, Ying-Wei Lan, Kowit-Yu Chong, Chuan-Mu Chen

    Article Affiliation:

    Cheng-Wei Lai

    Abstract:

    The AKR1A1 protein is a member of the aldo-keto reductase superfamily that is responsible for the conversion of D-glucuronate to L-gulonate in the ascorbic acid (vitamin C) synthesis pathway. In a pCAG-eGFP transgenic mouse line that was produced by pronuclear microinjection, the integration of the transgene resulted in a 30-kb genomic DNA deletion, including the Akr1A1 gene, and thus caused the knockout (KO) of the Akr1A1 gene and targeting of the eGFP gene. The Akr1A1 KO mice (Akr1A1eGFP/eGFP) exhibited insufficient serum ascorbic acid levels, abnormal bone development and osteoporosis. Using micro-CT analysis, the results showed that the microarchitecture of the 12-week-old Akr1A1eGFP/eGFP mouse femur was shorter in length and exhibited less cortical bone thickness, enlargement of the bone marrow cavity and a complete loss of the trabecular bone in the distal femur. The femoral head and neck of the proximal femur also showed a severe loss of bone mass. Based on the decreased levels of serum osteocalcin and osteoblast activity in the Akr1A1eGFP/eGFP mice, the osteoporosis might be caused by impaired bone formation. In addition, administration of ascorbic acid to the Akr1A1eGFP/eGFP mice significantly prevented the condition of osteoporotic femurs and increased bone formation. Therefore, through ascorbic acid administration, the Akr1A1 KO mice exhibited controllable osteoporosis and may serve as a novel model for osteoporotic research.

  • A nutrient mixture inhibits glioblastoma xenograft U-87 MG growth in male nude mice. 📎

    Abstract Title:

    A nutrient mixture inhibits glioblastoma xenograft U-87 MG growth in male nude mice.

    Abstract Source:

    Exp Oncol. 2016 Mar ;38(1):54-6. PMID: 27031721

    Abstract Author(s):

    M W Roomi, T Kalinovsky, M Rath, A Niedzwiecki

    Article Affiliation:

    M W Roomi

    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND:Brain tumors are highly aggressive tumors characterized by secretions of high levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9, leading to tumor growth, invasion and metastasis by digesting the basement membrane and extracellular matrix components. We previously demonstrated the effectiveness of a nutrient mixture (NM) containing ascorbic acid, lysine, proline, and green tea extract in vitro: on activity of urokinase plasminogen activator, matrix metalloproteinases and TIMPs in various human glioblastoma (LN-18, T-98G and A-172) cell lines and on glioblastoma A-172 cell proliferation and Matrigel invasion.

    AIM:Our main objective in this study was to investigate the effect of the NM in vivo on human glioblastoma U-87 MG cell line.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS:Athymic male nude mice inoculated with 3·10(6) U-87 MG cells subcutaneously and were fed a regular diet or a regular diet supplemented with 0.5% NM. Four weeks later, the mice were sacrificed, the tumors were weighed and measured. The samples were studied histologically.

    RESULTS:NM inhibited tumor weight and tumor burden by 53% (p = 0.015) and 48% (p = 0.010), respectively.

    CONCLUSIONS:These results suggest the therapeutic potential of NM as an adjuvant in the treatment of glioblastoma.

  • A preliminary trial of ascorbic acid as supplemental therapy for autism.

    Abstract Title:

    A preliminary trial of ascorbic acid as supplemental therapy for autism.

    Abstract Source:

    Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1993 Sep;17(5):765-74. PMID: 8255984

    Abstract Author(s):

    M C Dolske, J Spollen, S McKay, E Lancashire, L Tolbert

    Abstract:

    1. This study presents the results of a 30-week double-blind, placebo-controlled trial exploring the effectiveness of ascorbic acid (8g/70kg/day) as a supplemental pharmacological treatment for autistic children in residential treatment. 2. Residential school children (N = 18) were randomly assigned to either ascorbate-ascorbate-placebo treatment order group or ascorbate-placebo-ascorbate treatment order group. Each treatment phase lasted 10 weeks and behaviors were rated weekly using the Ritvo-Freeman scale. 3. Significant group by phase interactions were found for total scores and also sensory motor scores indicating a reduction in symptom severity associated with the ascorbic acid treatment. 4. These results were consistent with a hypothesized dopaminergic mechanism of action of ascorbic acid.

  • A prescription for lifestyle change in patients with hyperuricemia and gout.

    Abstract Title:

    A prescription for lifestyle change in patients with hyperuricemia and gout.

    Abstract Source:

    Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2008 Dec;72(12):3148-57. Epub 2008 Dec 7. PMID: 20035225

    Abstract Author(s):

    Hyon K Choi

    Article Affiliation:

    Section of Rheumatology and the Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

    Abstract:

    PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes the recent data on lifestyle factors that influence serum uric acid levels and the risk of gout and attempts to provide holistic recommendations, considering both their impact on gout as well as on other health implications. RECENT FINDINGS: Large-scale studies have clarified a number of long-suspected relations between lifestyle factors, hyperuricemia, and gout, including purine-rich foods, dairy foods, various beverages, fructose, and vitamin C supplementation. Furthermore, recent studies have identified the substantial burden of comorbidities among patients with hyperuricemia and gout. SUMMARY: Lifestyle and dietary recommendations for gout patients should consider overall health benefits and risk, since gout is often associated with the metabolic syndrome and an increased future risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. Weight reduction with daily exercise and limiting intake of red meat and sugary beverages would help reduce uric acid levels, the risk of gout, insulin resistance, and comorbidities. Heavy drinking should be avoided, whereas moderate drinking, sweet fruits, and seafood intake, particularly oily fish, should be tailored to the individual, considering their anticipated health benefits against CVD. Dairy products, vegetables, nuts, legumes, fruits (less sugary ones), and whole grains are healthy choices for the comorbidities of gout and may also help prevent gout by reducing insulin resistance. Coffee and vitamin C supplementation could be considered as preventive measures as these can lower urate levels, as well as the risk of gout and some of its comorbidities.

  • A randomized controlled trial of high dose ascorbic acid for reduction of blood pressure, cortisol, and subjective responses to psychological stress.

    Abstract Title:

    A randomized controlled trial of high dose ascorbic acid for reduction of blood pressure, cortisol, and subjective responses to psychological stress.

    Abstract Source:

    Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2002 Jan;159(3):319-24. Epub 2001 Nov 20. PMID: 11862365

    Abstract Author(s):

    Stuart Brody, Ragnar Preut, Kerstin Schommer, Thomas H Schürmeyer

    Abstract:

    RATIONALE: Physiological responses to stress are considered disruptive to health. High-dose ascorbic acid has reduced indices of stress in laboratory animals. METHODS: We conducted a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled 14-day trial of sustained-release ascorbic acid (60 healthy young adults; 3 x1000 mg/day Cetebe) and placebo (60 healthy young adults) for reduction of blood pressure, cortisol, and subjective response to acute psychological stress (Trier Social Stress Test, TSST, consisting of public speaking and mental arithmetic). Six subjects from each group were excluded. RESULTS: Compared to the placebo group, the ascorbic acid group had less systolic blood pressure (an increase of 23 versus 31 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure, and subjective stress responses to the TSST; and also had faster salivary cortisol recovery (but not smaller overall cortisol response). Cortisol response to 1 microg ACTH, and reported side-effects during the trial did not differ between groups. Plasma ascorbic acid level at the end of the trial but not pre-trial was associated with reduced stress reactivity of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and subjective stress, and with greater salivary cortisol recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with high-dose sustained-release ascorbic acid palliates blood pressure, cortisol, and subjective response to acute psychological stress. These effects are not attributable to modification of adrenal responsiveness.

  • A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E and beta carotene for age-related cataract and vision loss: AREDS report no. 9. 📎

    Abstract Title:

    A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E and beta carotene for age-related cataract and vision loss: AREDS report no. 9.

    Abstract Source:

    Arch Ophthalmol. 2001 Oct;119(10):1439-52. PMID: 11594943

    Abstract Author(s):

    [No authors listed]

    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Experimental and observational data suggest that micronutrients with antioxidant capabilities may retard the development of age-related cataract. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a high-dose antioxidant formulation on the development and progression of age-related lens opacities and visual acuity loss. DESIGN: The 11-center Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) was a double-masked clinical trial. Participants were randomly assigned to receive daily oral tablets containing either antioxidants (vitamin C, 500 mg; vitamin E, 400 IU; and beta carotene, 15 mg) or no antioxidants. Participants with more than a few small drusen were also randomly assigned to receive tablets with or without zinc (80 mg of zinc as zinc oxide) and copper (2 mg of copper as cupric oxide) as part of the age-related macular degeneration trial. Baseline and annual (starting at year 2) lens photographs were graded at a reading center for the severity of lens opacities using the AREDS cataract grading scale. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes were (1) an increase from baseline in nuclear, cortical, or posterior subcapsular opacity grades or cataract surgery, and (2) at least moderate visual acuity loss from baseline (>/=15 letters). Primary analyses used repeated-measures logistic regression with a statistical significance level of P =.01. Serum level measurements, medical histories, and mortality rates were used for safety monitoring. RESULTS: Of 4757 participants enrolled, 4629 who were aged from 55 to 80 years had at least 1 natural lens present and were followed up for an average of 6.3 years. No statistically significant effect of the antioxidant formulation was seen on the development or progression of age-related lens opacities (odds ratio = 0.97, P =.55). There was also no statistically significant effect of treatment in reducing the risk of progression for any of the 3 lens opacity types or for cataract surgery. For the 1117 participants with no age-related macular degeneration at baseline, no statistically significant difference was noted between treatment groups for at least moderate visual acuity loss. No statistically significant serious adverse effect was associated with treatment. CONCLUSION: Use of a high-dose formulation of vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta carotene in a relatively well-nourished older adult cohort had no apparent effect on the 7-year risk of development or progression of age-related lens opacities or visual acuity loss.

  • A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8. 📎

    Abstract Title:

    A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8.

    Abstract Source:

    Arch Ophthalmol. 2001 Oct;119(10):1417-36. PMID: 11594942

    Abstract Author(s):

    [No authors listed]

    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Observational and experimental data suggest that antioxidant and/or zinc supplements may delay progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and vision loss. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of high-dose vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc supplements on AMD progression and visual acuity. DESIGN: The Age-Related Eye Disease Study, an 11-center double-masked clinical trial, enrolled participants in an AMD trial if they had extensive small drusen, intermediate drusen, large drusen, noncentral geographic atrophy, or pigment abnormalities in 1 or both eyes, or advanced AMD or vision loss due to AMD in 1 eye. At least 1 eye had best-corrected visual acuity of 20/32 or better. Participants were randomly assigned to receive daily oral tablets containing: (1) antioxidants (vitamin C, 500 mg; vitamin E, 400 IU; and beta carotene, 15 mg); (2) zinc, 80 mg, as zinc oxide and copper, 2 mg, as cupric oxide; (3) antioxidants plus zinc; or (4) placebo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Photographic assessment of progression to or treatment for advanced AMD and (2) at least moderate visual acuity loss from baseline (>or =15 letters). Primary analyses used repeated-measures logistic regression with a significance level of.01, unadjusted for covariates. Serum level measurements, medical histories, and mortality rates were used for safety monitoring. RESULTS: Average follow-up of the 3640 enrolled study participants, aged 55-80 years, was 6.3 years, with 2.4% lost to follow-up. Comparison with placebo demonstrated a statistically significant odds reduction for the development of advanced AMD with antioxidants plus zinc (odds ratio [OR], 0.72; 99% confidence interval [CI], 0.52-0.98). The ORs for zinc alone and antioxidants alone are 0.75 (99% CI, 0.55-1.03) and 0.80 (99% CI, 0.59-1.09), respectively. Participants with extensive small drusen, nonextensive intermediate size drusen, or pigment abnormalities had only a 1.3% 5-year probability of progression to advanced AMD. Odds reduction estimates increased when these 1063 participants were excluded (antioxidants plus zinc: OR, 0.66; 99% CI, 0.47-0.91; zinc: OR, 0.71; 99% CI, 0.52-0.99; antioxidants: OR, 0.76; 99% CI, 0.55-1.05). Both zinc and antioxidants plus zinc significantly reduced the odds of developing advanced AMD in this higher-risk group. The only statistically significant reduction in rates of at least moderate visual acuity loss occurred in persons assigned to receive antioxidants plus zinc (OR, 0.73; 99% CI, 0.54-0.99). No statistically significant serious adverse effect was associated with any of the formulations. CONCLUSIONS: Persons older than 55 years should have dilated eye examinations to determine their risk of developing advanced AMD. Those with extensive intermediate size drusen, at least 1 large druse, noncentral geographic atrophy in 1 or both eyes, or advanced AMD or vision loss due to AMD in 1 eye, and without contraindications such as smoking, should consider taking a supplement of antioxidants plus zinc such as that used in this study.

  • A rare presentation of an ancient disease: scurvy presenting as orthostatic hypotension📎

    Abstract Title:

    A rare presentation of an ancient disease: scurvy presenting as orthostatic hypotension.

    Abstract Source:

    BMJ Case Rep. 2014 ;2014. Epub 2014 May 23. PMID: 24859547

    Abstract Author(s):

    Jonathan Samuel Zipursky, Ahmad Alhashemi, David Juurlink

    Article Affiliation:

    Jonathan Samuel Zipursky

    Abstract:

    A 49-year-old man presented to hospital with severe orthostatic hypotension, gingival dysplasia and a purpuric rash involving his extremities. The orthostatic hypotension failed to respond to fluids and, on the basis of physical examination and dietary history, the patient was given a preliminary diagnosis of scurvy (ascorbic acid deficiency). Serum ascorbic acid levels were undetectable and the orthostasis was resolved within 24 h of ascorbic acid replacement. The pathogenesis of orthostatic hypotension in the setting of scurvy appears to involve impaired catecholamine synthesis and attenuated vasomotor response to α-adrenergic stimulation. We believe that this case describes a rare presentation of scurvy and highlightsa previously under-reported connection between scurvy and vasomotor instability.

  • A Specific Mixture of Nutrients Suppresses Ovarian Cancer A-2780 Tumor Incidence, Growth, and Metastasis to Lungs. 📎

    Abstract Title:

    A Specific Mixture of Nutrients Suppresses Ovarian Cancer A-2780 Tumor Incidence, Growth, and Metastasis to Lungs.

    Abstract Source:

    Nutrients. 2017 Mar 18 ;9(3). Epub 2017 Mar 18. PMID: 28335466

    Abstract Author(s):

    Mohd Waheed Roomi, Tatiana Kalinovsky, Matthias Rath, Aleksandra Niedzwiecki

    Article Affiliation:

    Mohd Waheed Roomi

    Abstract:

    Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological malignancy in women, and fifth leading cause of death. Despite advances made in chemotherapy and surgery, the average time of clinical remission is approximately 2 years and the 5-year survival rate is 45%. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of a novel therapeutic approach to ovarian cancer treatment. We investigated the effect of a specific nutrient mixture (EPQ) containing ascorbic acid, lysine, proline, green tea extract, and quercetin on human ovarian cancer cell A-2780 in vivo and in vitro. Athymic female nude mice (n = 12) were all inoculated intraperitoneally (IP) with 2× 10⁶ cells in 0.1 mL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and randomly divided into two groups. Upon injection, the Control group (n = 6) was fed a regular diet and the EPQ group (n = 6) a regular diet supplemented with 0.5% EPQ. Four weeks later, the mice were sacrificed and tumors that developedin the ovary were excised, weighed, and processed for histology. Lungs were inspected for metastasis. In vitro, A-2780 cells were cultured in Dulbecco modified Eagle medium supplemented with 10% FBS and antibiotics. At near confluence, cells were treated with EPQ in triplicate at concentrations between 0 and 1000 μg/mL. Cell proliferation was measured via MTT assay, MMP-9 secretion via gelatinase zymography, invasion through Matrigel and morphology via hematoxylin and eosin (H& E) staining. All Control mice developed large ovarian tumors, whereas 5 out of 6 mice in the EPQ group developed no tumors, and one, a small tumor. Control mice also showed lung metastasis in 6 out of 6 mice, while no lung metastasis was evident in EPQ mice. Zymography demonstrated only MMP-9 expression, which EPQ inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion, with virtual total block at 250μg/mL concentration. EPQ significantly inhibited invasion through Matrigel with total block at 250 μg/mL concentration. MTT showed dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation with EPQ, and H& E staining showed no morphological changes below 500μg/mL EPQ. These results suggest that EPQ has therapeutic potential in the treatment of ovarian cancer by significantly suppressing ovarian tumor incidence and growth and lung metastasis, and by inhibiting MMP-9 secretion and invasion of A-2780 ovarian cancer cells.

  • ACEMg supplementation ameliorates progressive Connexin 26 hearing loss in a child.

    Abstract Title:

    ACEMg supplementation ameliorates progressive Connexin 26 hearing loss in a child.

    Abstract Source:

    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2014 Mar ;78(3):563-5. Epub 2014 Jan 3. PMID: 24439969

    Abstract Author(s):

    Aaron Thatcher, Colleen Le Prell, Josef Miller, Glenn Green

    Article Affiliation:

    Aaron Thatcher

    Abstract:

    Mutations in the gene encoding Connexin 26 are the most common cause of genetic hearing loss. The hearing loss is typically stable but may be progressive. The reason for progression is unknown. Antioxidants have been associated with attenuation of hearing loss from other insults. One antioxidant regimen consists of beta-carotene (metabolized to vitamin A), vitamin C, vitamin E, and magnesium (ACEMg). We present a child with Connexin 26 related hearing loss who experienced progressive hearing loss over 7 years of observation. He was given ACEMg daily for 3 years, during which time his progressive hearing loss was ameliorated.

  • Actions of redox-active compound resveratrol under hydrogen peroxide insult in C6 astroglial cells.

    Abstract Title:

    Actions of redox-active compound resveratrol under hydrogen peroxide insult in C6 astroglial cells.

    Abstract Source:

    Toxicol In Vitro. 2010 Apr;24(3):916-20. Epub 2009 Nov 27. PMID: 19945524

    Abstract Author(s):

    André Quincozes-Santos, Ana Cristina Andreazza, Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves, Carmem Gottfried

    Article Affiliation:

    Research Group in Neuroglial Plasticity, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health's Basic Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

    Abstract:

    The mechanisms by which resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-stilbene) imparts neural effects is not well understood. We previously demonstrated that, depending upon the concentration of resveratrol and the cell type, this compound exerts anti-or pro-oxidant effects. In the present study, we investigated the effects of resveratrol on H(2)O(2)-mediated genotoxicity in C6 astroglial cells (I - 1mM H(2)O(2)/30 min or II - 0.1mM H(2)O(2)/6h), evaluated by micronucleus assay, lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and membrane integrity. H(2)O(2) increased micronuclei to 1.5 (I) and 1.7-fold (II), compared to control cells. This DNA damage was prevented (I) or partially prevented (II) by resveratrol. Oxidative insult also increased TBARS, 52% in I and 38% in II, P<0.05. These effects were prevented by resveratrol in I and increased in II (70% of increase). Present data contribute to the understanding of resveratrol effects under oxidative stress damage.

  • Acute effect of oral vitamin C on coronary circulation in young healthy smokers.

    Abstract Title:

    Acute effect of oral vitamin C on coronary circulation in young healthy smokers.

    Abstract Source:

    Am Heart J. 2004 Aug;148(2):300-5. PMID: 15309000

    Abstract Author(s):

    Kiyomi Teramoto, Masao Daimon, Rei Hasegawa, Tomohiko Toyoda, Tai Sekine, Takayuki Kawata, Katsuya Yoshida, Issei Komuro

    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that smokers' coronary endothelial function is impaired because of increased oxidative stress, and their coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) is reduced. It is uncertain whether oral antioxidant vitamin C restores impaired CFVR in smokers. Recent technological advances in transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE) have resulted in the successful measurement of coronary flow velocity and noninvasive CFVR assessment. METHODS: We studied 13 healthy young male smokers and 12 nonsmokers. Coronary flow velocities in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) were recorded with TTDE at rest and during hyperemia induced with intravenous infusion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). CFVR was calculated as the ratio of hyperemic to basal mean diastolic flow velocity. CFVR and plasma concentrations of vitamin C were assessed at baseline and 2 and 4 hours after oral intake (2 g). RESULTS: Heart rate and blood pressure responses to ATP infusion were not affected by oral vitamin C, but plasma concentrations of vitamin C increased to physiological levels in both groups. CFVR was significantly higher in nonsmokers than in smokers at baseline (4.3 +/- 0.4 vs 3.8 +/- 0.8, P<.05). After oral vitamin C, it was increased significantly in smokers (3.8 +/- 0.8 to 4.5 +/- 0.7, P<.005, 4.5 +/- 0.8, P<.005, respectively), but not in nonsmokers (4.3 +/- 0.4 to 4.3 +/- 0.3, 4.4 +/- 0.7). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that oral vitamin C restores coronary microcirculatory function and impaired CFVR against oxidative stress in smokers.

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