Abstract Title:
Evaluation of Targeted Curcumin (CUR) loaded PLGA Nanoparticles for in vitro Photodynamic Therapy on Human Glioblastoma Cell Line.
Abstract Source:
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2018 Jun 30. Epub 2018 Jun 30. PMID: 29969678
Abstract Author(s):
Zahra Jamali, Mehdi Khoobi, Sedigheh Marjaneh Hejazi, Neda Eivazi, Saeideh Abdolahpour, Fatemeh Imanparast, Hemen Moradi-Sardareh, Maliheh Paknejad
Article Affiliation:
Zahra Jamali
Abstract:
In this study, antibody-conjugated biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles were developed to enhance the photodaynamic efficiency of curcumin (CUR) on glioblastoma tumor cells. Poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) were synthesized and stabilized by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Poly(ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PEMA) was used to provide carboxyl groups on the surface of NPs. The CUR or FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate) was encapsulated in PLGA NPs using the nanoprecipitation method. The carboxylic groups on the surface of the PLGA NPs were covalently conjugated to the amino groups of a monoclonal antibody against EGFRvIII (A-EGFRvIII-f). The prepared NPs were fully characterized by Zetasizer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and then entrapment efficiency (EE), drug loading efficiency (DLE), CUR release, cell internalization, intrinsic cytotoxicity, and phototoxicity were evaluated. Furthermore, the effect of monoclonal antibody (MAb) on the tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFRvIII after photodynamic therapy (PDT) was assessed. The immunoreactivity of the antibody in MAb-PLGA NPs was preserved during the process of conjugation. The selective cellular internalization of MAb-PLGA NPs (FITC or CUR loaded) into the DKMG/EGFRvIII cells (EGFRvIII overexpressed human glioblastoma cell line) in comparison with DK-MG(human glioblastoma cell line with low level of EGFRvIII) was also confirmed. MAb-CUR-PLGA NPs were able to show more effective photodynamic toxicity (56% vs. 24%) on the DKMG/EGFRvIII cells compared to CUR-PLGA NPs. These results suggest that the anti-EGFRvIII MAb-CUR-PLGA NPs have potential of targeted drug delivery system for PDT in the overexpressed EGFRvIII tumor cells.
Article Published Date : Jun 29, 2018
Abstract Title:
N-acetylcysteine Protects Against Chorioretinal Damage Induced by Photodynamic Therapy for Experimental Choroidal Neovascularization in a Rat Model.
Abstract Source:
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2018 Apr 18. Epub 2018 Apr 18. PMID: 29679669
Abstract Author(s):
Tae Wan Kim, Jun Woong Moon, Hyeong Gon Yu
Article Affiliation:
Tae Wan Kim
Abstract:
METHODS:RESULTS:CONCLUSIONS:
Article Published Date : Apr 17, 2018
Abstract Title:
Time-dependent antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy with TONS 504 on Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Abstract Source:
Lasers Med Sci. 2018 Mar 27. Epub 2018 Mar 27. PMID: 29589177
Abstract Author(s):
Kentaro Sueoka, Taiichiro Chikama, Miftahul Akhyar Latief, Ji-Ae Ko, Yoshiaki Kiuchi, Takemasa Sakaguchi, Akira Obana
Article Affiliation:
Kentaro Sueoka
Abstract:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a major cause of infectious keratitis, which itself is a major cause of blindness worldwide. We have now evaluated the time-dependent effectiveness of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) with the chlorin derivative TONS 504 and a light-emitting diode (LED) on P. aeruginosa in vitro. PACT with TONS 504 (10 mg/L) and irradiation (30 J/m) by an LED device that delivers light centered on a wavelength of 660 nm was applied to 1 × 10colony-forming units of P. aeruginosa in liquid medium. The bacteria were then cultured at 37 °C for various times before assay of viability by determination of colony formation on agar plates. The effect of a second irradiation at 3 h after the initial LED exposure was also examined. Bacterial growth was markedly inhibited between 3 and 9 h after PACT with TONS 504, with the maximal effect being apparent at 3 h. Furthermore, a second exposure to LED irradiation at 3 h after the first treatment enhanced the inhibitory effect on bacterial growth. PACT with TONS 504 thus inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa in a time-dependent manner, and an additional irradiation exposure applied 3 h after the first LED treatment greatly increased the effectiveness of PACT. This antibacterial system thus warrants further evaluation with regard to its potential effectiveness for the treatment of infectious keratitis.
Article Published Date : Mar 26, 2018
Abstract Title:
Contribution of photodynamic therapy in wound healing: A systematic review.
Abstract Source:
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2018 Mar ;21:294-305. Epub 2017 Dec 28. PMID: 29289704
Abstract Author(s):
Vanessa Nesi-Reis, Daniele Stéfanie Sara Lopes Lera-Nonose, Jully Oyama, Marielle Priscila Paula Silva-Lalucci, Izabel Galhardo Demarchi, Sandra Mara Alessi Aristides, Jorge Juarez Vieira Teixeira, Thaís Gomes Verzignassi Silveira, Maria Valdrinez Campana Lonardoni
Article Affiliation:
Vanessa Nesi-Reis
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: We researched articles that used photodynamic therapy (PDT) for skin wound healing in humans.
METHODS: The systematic review was conducted through scientific articles that investigated the action of PDT on wound healing in humans, published from July 2005 to March 2017, in the data bases PubMed and LILACS.
RESULTS: The main types of wound described in selected articles in this review were chronic ulcer and non-melanoma skin cancer. For accomplishing the PDT, second generation of photosensitizing agents with laser or light emitting diode were used. The studies demonstrated that PDT contribute in several ways to the wound healing process: leading to cellular death; reducing or increasing inflammation; stimulating fibroblasts proliferation and, consequently, of collagen and elastin; raising transforming growth factor beta and metalloproteinases. Based on this, PDT provided good results in wound healing process, acting in several steps and accelerating tissue repair.
CONCLUSIONS: PDT improved healing in many wound models in humans, revealing itself as a promising therapeutic modality for stimulating wound healing and remodelling.
Article Published Date : Feb 28, 2018
Abstract Title:
Photodynamic therapy mediated by acai oil (Euterpe oleracea Martius) in nanoemulsion: A potential treatment for melanoma.
Abstract Source:
J Photochem Photobiol B. 2017 Jan ;166:301-310. Epub 2016 Dec 9. PMID: 28024281
Abstract Author(s):
Victoria Monge-Fuentes, Luis Alexandre Muehlmann, João Paulo Figueiró Longo, Jaqueline Rodrigues Silva, Maria Luiza Fascineli, Paulo de Souza, Fernando Faria, Igor Anatolievich Degterev, Anselmo Rodriguez, Fabiana Pirani Carneiro, Carolina Madeira Lucci, Patricia Escobar, Rivadávio Fernandes Batista Amorim, Ricardo Bentes Azevedo
Article Affiliation:
Victoria Monge-Fuentes
Abstract:
Melanoma is the most aggressive and lethal form of skin cancer, responsible for>80% of deaths. Standard treatments for late-stage melanoma usually present poor results, leading to life-threatening side effects and low overall survival. Thus, it is necessary to rethink treatment strategies and design new tools for the treatment of this disease. On that ground, we hereby report the use of acai oil in nanoemulsion (NanoA) as a novel photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) used to treat melanoma in in vitro and in vivo experimental models. NIH/3T3 normal cells and B16F10 melanoma cell lines were treated with PDT and presented 85% cell death for melanoma cells, while maintaining high viability in normal cells. Flow cytometry indicated that cell death occurred by late apoptosis/necrosis. Tumor bearing C57BL/6 mice treated five times with PDT using acai oil in nanoemulsion showed tumor volume reduction of 82% in comparison to control/tumor group. Necrotic tissue per tumor area reached its highest value in PDT-treated mice, supporting PDT efficacy. Overall, acai oil in nanoemulsion was an effective photosensitizer, representing a promising source of new photosensitizing molecules for PDT treatment of melanoma, a tumor with an inherent tendency to be refractory for this type of therapy.
Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2016
Abstract Title:
Photobiomodulation reduces abdominal adipose tissue inflammatory infiltrate of diet-induced obese and hyperglycemic mice.
Abstract Source:
J Biophotonics. 2016 Sep 16. Epub 2016 Sep 16. PMID: 27635634
Abstract Author(s):
Tania Mateus Yoshimura, Caetano Padial Sabino, Martha Simões Ribeiro
Article Affiliation:
Tania Mateus Yoshimura
Abstract:
Systemic inflammation is closely related to the development of insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes, since the activation of pro-inflammatory pathways leads to inhibition of insulin signaling. Although photobiomodulation (PBM) has proven beneficial effects on the treatment of inflammatory disorders, the phototherapeutic approach to manage the chronic inflammatory component of obesity and hyperglycemia had never been explored. In this work, obese and hyperglycemic mice are treated with PBM, and their body mass, glycemia and inflammatory infiltrate of abdominal adipose tissue are evaluated. During four weeks, irradiated animals are exposed to six irradiation sessions using an 843 nm LED (5.7 J cm(-2) at 19 mW cm(-2) per session). Non-irradiated control animals display inflammatory areas almost five times greater than the treated group (p < 0.001). This result on inflammatory infiltrate may have caused impacts on the significant lower blood glucose level from irradiated animals (p = 0.04), twenty-four hours after the last irradiation session. PBM on obese and hyperglycemic mice reduced five times the areas of inflammatory infiltrate within abdominal adipose tissue (a, b), whereas dense inflammatory regions were a common finding amidst non-irradiated animals (c). The asterisks on (c) correspond to the inflammatory infiltrate permeating adipocytes.
Article Published Date : Sep 15, 2016
Abstract Title:
C-reactive protein serum level in patients with psoriasis before and after treatment with narrow-band ultraviolet B.
Abstract Source:
An Bras Dermatol. 2016 Sep-Oct;91(5):580-583. PMID: 27828628
Abstract Author(s):
Mahmoud Farshchian, Akram Ansar, Mohammadreza Sobhan, Valiollah Hoseinpoor
Article Affiliation:
Mahmoud Farshchian
Abstract:
Background:: C-reactive protein is an inflammatory biomarker and its level increases in the serum of psoriatic patients. Its level is also associated with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score.
Objective:: The aim of this study was to assess the decrement of serum C-reactive protein level with narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) therapy.
Methods:: C-reactive protein serum levels in psoriasis patients were measured before and after treatment with NB-UVB and the data were analyzed in relation to the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score improvement.
Results:: Baseline C-reactive protein levels among psoriatic patients were higher than normal. These levels decreased significantly after treatment (P<0.001). At the beginning of the study, patients with higher levels of C-reactive protein also had more extensive and severe skin involvement. The highest decrease in C-reactive protein was observed in patients who responded better to the treatment and achieved a higher Psoriasis Area and Severity Index 75%. There was an association between baseline Psoriasis Area and Severity Index scores and C-reactive protein levels.
Conclusion:: Patients with moderate to severe plaque-type psoriasis had active systemic inflammation, which was demonstrated by increased levels of C-reactive protein. Furthermore, skin disease severity was correlated with C-reactive protein levels. Phototherapy healed the psoriatic skin lesions and reduced inflammation, while decreasing C-reactive protein levels.
Article Published Date : Aug 31, 2016
Abstract Title:
Low-level Light Therapy for Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Review of Clinical Experiences.
Abstract Source:
J Drugs Dermatol. 2016 Jul 1 ;15(7):843-8. PMID: 27391634
Abstract Author(s):
Catherine N Tchanque-Fossuo, Derek Ho, Sara E Dahle, Eugene Koo, R Rivkah Isseroff, Jared Jagdeo
Article Affiliation:
Catherine N Tchanque-Fossuo
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) represent a significant complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). DFU affect one in four patients with DM and treatments of DFU are limited and challenging. The management of DFU remains a significant healthcare and socioeconomic burden ($245 billion). There is a wide range of advanced therapies for DFU, but these are costly and have demonstrated only minimal efficacy in limited published studies. An emerging treatment modality to improve DFU and optimize wound healing is the use of low-level light therapy (LLLT). LLLT involves the use of light in the form of low-level or low-power laser or light emitting diodes to alter biochemical pathways, which may result in changes to cell shape, cell migration, and cell signaling.
OBJECTIVE: To review published clinical experiences (case series and case reports) using LLLT for treatment of DFU, and provide evidence-based recommendations and future directions on the potential of LLLT as a therapeutic modality for DFU.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: On January 16, 2016 we searched the published literature using databases: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science with key terms:"diabetic foot"AND ("low level laser therapy"OR"low level light therapy"OR"LLLT"OR"light emitting diode"OR"phototherapy"OR"laser").
RESULTS: After screening of titles, abstracts and/or full-text, 7 original articles were suitable in our review. Our review contains 5 case series and 2 case reports that evaluated LLLT for treatment of DFU, and all reviewed studies have shown positive improvement of DFU using LLLT with no adverse events, albeit with limitations that may be minimized with future RCTs.
CONCLUSIONS: LLLT is an emerging and promising treatment modality to current alternatives that are costly and have shown limited success. Based upon the published evidence, we envision additional research may allow for stronger recommendation with LLLT for treatment of DFU.J Drugs Dermatol.2016;15(7):843-848.
Article Published Date : Jun 30, 2016
Abstract Title:
Photodynamic Therapy Potentiates the Effects of Curcumin on Pediatric Epithelial Liver Tumor Cells.
Abstract Source:
Anticancer Res. 2016 Jul ;36(7):3363-72. PMID: 27354595
Abstract Author(s):
Verena Ellerkamp, Nicola Bortel, Evi Schmid, Bettina Kirchner, Sorin Armeanu-Ebinger, Jörg Fuchs
Article Affiliation:
Verena Ellerkamp
Abstract:
BACKGROUND/AIM: Curcumin (CUM) is a promising agent in complementary oncology. The present study analyzed the photoactive properties of curcumin on pediatric epithelial liver tumor cell lines.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hepatoblastoma cell lines (HuH6, HepT1) and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2, HC-AFW1) were treated with curcumin and exposed to blue light (phototherapy, 480 nm, 300 W). Cell viability (MTT tests), cellular oxidative stress (production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)) and cellular uptake/degradation of curcumin were analyzed.
RESULTS: Significant loss of viability resulted from 24-48 h incubation with curcumin. With photodynamic therapy (PDT), even short time incubation (1 h) with curcumin resulted in significantly lower half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) (p<0.001, two-way ANOVA). Significant ROS production was observed with PDT and curcumin.
CONCLUSION: Phototherapy strongly enhances the anticancer properties of curcumin in pediatric solid liver tumors in vitro.
Article Published Date : Jun 30, 2016
Abstract Title:
Photodynamic therapy of oral Candida infection in a mouse model.
Abstract Source:
J Photochem Photobiol B. 2016 Apr 1 ;159:161-168. Epub 2016 Apr 1. PMID: 27074245
Abstract Author(s):
Fernanda Freire, Cleber Ferraresi, Antonio Olavo C Jorge, Michael R Hamblin
Article Affiliation:
Fernanda Freire
Abstract:
Species of the fungal genus Candida, can cause oral candidiasis especially in immunosuppressed patients. Many studies have investigated the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to kill fungi in vitro, but this approach has seldom been reported in animal models of infection. This study investigated the effects of PDT on Candida albicans as biofilms grown in vitro and also in an immunosuppressed mouse model of oral candidiasis infection. We used a luciferase-expressing strain that allowed non-invasive monitoring of the infection by bioluminescence imaging. The phenothiazinium salts, methylene blue (MB) and new methylene blue (NMB) were used as photosensitizers (PS), combined or not with potassium iodide (KI), and red laser (660nm) at four different light doses (10J, 20J, 40J and 60J). The best in vitro log reduction of CFU/ml on biofilm grown cells was: MB plus KI with 40J (2.31 log; p<0.001); and NMB without KI with 60J (1.77 log; p<0.001). These conditions were chosen for treating the in vivo model of oral Candida infection. After 5days of treatment the disease was practically eradicated, especially using MB plus KI with 40J. This study suggests that KI can potentiate PDT of fungal infection using MB (but not NMB) and could be a promising new approach for the treatment of oral candidiasis.
Article Published Date : Mar 31, 2016
Abstract Title:
Aloe-emodin-mediated photodynamic therapy induces autophagy and apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cell line MG‑63 through the ROS/JNK signaling pathway.
Abstract Source:
Oncol Rep. 2016 Mar 24. Epub 2016 Mar 24. PMID: 27035222
Abstract Author(s):
Pinghua Tu, Qiu Huang, Yunsheng Ou, Xing Du, Kaiting Li, Yong Tao, Hang Yin
Article Affiliation:
Pinghua Tu
Abstract:
The present study was carried out to investigate the effect and mechanisms of aloe‑emodin (AE)-mediated photodynamic therapy (AE-PDT) on the human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63. After treatment with AE-PDT, the human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 was tested for levels of viability, autophagy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis and changes in cell morphology with the CellCounting Kit-8 (CCK‑8), monodansylcadaverine (MDC) and Hoechst staining and transmission electron microscopy. The expression of proteins including LC-3, cleaved caspase-3, Beclin-1, Bcl-2, p-JNK, t-JNK and β-actin was examined with western blotting. AE-PDT significantly inhibited the viability of the MG-63 cells in an AE-concentration- and PDT energy density-dependent manner. Autophagy and apoptosis of MG-63 cells was substantially promoted in the AE-PDT group compared to the control group, the AE alone group and the light emitting diode (LED) alone group. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) (5 mM) and chloroquine (CQ) (15 µM) significantly promoted the apoptosis rate and improved the sensitivity of the MG-63 cells to AE-PDT. AE-PDT was found to induce the expression of ROS and p-JNK. ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, 5 mM), was able to hinder the autophagy,apoptosis and phosphorylation of JNK, and JNK inhibitor (SP600125, 10 µM) significantly inhibited the autophagy and apoptosis, and attenuated the sensitivity of MG63 cells to AE-PDT. In conclusion, AE-PDT induced the autophagy and apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 through the activation of the ROS-JNK signaling pathway. Autophagy may play a protective role during the early stage following treatment of AE-PDT.
Article Published Date : Mar 23, 2016
Abstract Title:
[In-vitro study of photodynamic therapy of antibiotic-resistant staphylococcus from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis].
Abstract Source:
Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2016 Mar 7 ;51(3):164-8. PMID: 27033568
Abstract Author(s):
K Q Zhao, C Yang, G Q Ding, C H Liu, Y Ma, X Y Chen, Y Wu, C Q Zheng
Article Affiliation:
K Q Zhao
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the photodynamic therapy (PDT) against multi-antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S.epidermidis) obtained from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS).
METHODS: Forty-five CRS patients who had been given medical treatment but still needed endoscopic surgery were included in this study. The mucus from middle meatus was collected from these patients during surgery, followed by separation of S. aureus and S. epidermidis and drug sensitive test. The strains which could form biofilm were selected. Light emitting diode (LED) array with a major wavelength of (633±10)nm was used as light source and 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was used as photosensitizer in this PDT experiment. The safe range of LED dose and ALA concentration which were not toxic to bacteria by themselves were confirmed, and then did PDT experiment on S. aureus and S. epidermidis. The data of bacterial colony forming unit were transformed to lgCFU before statistical analysis.The Graph Pad Prism 5 software was used to analyzed the data.
RESULTS: Thirteen S. aureus and 16 S. epidermidis were included in this experiment(from 45 patients), all of them were multi-antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and four of S. aureus and five of S. epidermidis could form biofilm in each group. In planktonic S. aureus experiment, the mean lgCFU was 8.32±0.31 in control group whereas the experiment group was 6.47±0.67 (t=9.01, P<0.01), and in planktonic S. epidermidis experiment the final data was 8.34±0.20 (control group) and 6.97±0.59 (experiment group) (t=8.84, P<0.01). In biofilm S. aureus experiment, the mean lgCFU was 8.68±0.05 (control group), 6.90±0.96(experiment group)(t=3.68, P<0.05); and in biofilm S. epidermidis experiment the data was 8.67±0.05(control group), 7.29±0.61(experiment group, t=5.07, P<0.01).
CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that ALA-mediated PDT on multi-antibiotic-resistant S. aureus and S. epidermidis from CRS patients was effective in vitro. Additional work defining if the PDT treatment would damage the nasal mucosa and further checking the effectiveness of PDT in vivo is still needed.
Article Published Date : Mar 06, 2016
Abstract Title:
Photodynamic Therapy - A Non-invasive Treatment Modality for Precancerous Lesions.
Abstract Source:
J Lasers Med Sci. 2016 ;7(1):30-6. Epub 2016 Jan 7. PMID: 27330695
Abstract Author(s):
Kotya Naik Maloth, Nagalaxmi Velpula, Srikanth Kodangal, Mithare Sangmesh, Kiran Vellamchetla, Sridevi Ugrappa, Nagajyothi Meka
Article Affiliation:
Kotya Naik Maloth
Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: Oral premalignant lesions are conditions having high potential tendency for transformation into malignancy. The use of a conservative and effective treatment modality is one of the best strategies for cancer prevention. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive method for topical and selective treatment of oral precancerous lesions. The present study was taken up to determine the efficacy of PDT in oral precancerous lesions.
METHODS: The study consisted 13 patients with 24 oral leukoplakia (OL) lesions and 8 with 20 oral lichen planus (OLP) lesions, divided into control and study groups. These lesions were affecting various intraoral sites, the buccal mucosa being the most common site followed by tongue and gingiva. The treatment regimen of PDT included 98% 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) which is topical applied and irradiated with light emitting diode (LED) of 420 nm wavelengths at several sessions.
RESULTS: In OL 16.6% of cases showed complete response, 66.6% partial response and 16.6% no response of the lesions to the treatment. In OLP 80% and 20% of the lesions showed partial and no response respectively. The differences with control groups for OL + OLP were found to be significant (P<0.001).
CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the present study, we can conclude that PDT appears to be a feasible alternative to conventional therapy for oral premalignant lesions.
Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2015
Abstract Title:
An In Vitro Comparison of Antimicrobial Effects of Curcumin-Based Photodynamic Therapy and Chlorhexidine, on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.
Abstract Source:
J Lasers Med Sci. 2016 ;7(1):21-5. Epub 2016 Jan 7. PMID: 27330693
Abstract Author(s):
Shamsoulmolouk Najafi, Mina Khayamzadeh, Mojgan Paknejad, Golfam Poursepanj, Mohammad Javad Kharazi Fard, Abbas Bahador
Article Affiliation:
Shamsoulmolouk Najafi
Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: Considering the importance of prevention in periodontal diseases and the important role of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in induction and progression of these diseases, the aim of the present in vitro study was to compare the antimicrobial effects of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), curcumin and light-emitting diode (LED) laser, on this bacterium.
METHODS: Antimicrobial activity of curcumin (5 mg/ml), CHX (2%), LED (120 J/cm(2)) and LED + curcumin (120 J/cm(2) + 2.5 mg/ml) against A. actinomycetemcomitans were tested in vitro, using micro-broth dilution test. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's HSD tests served for statistical analysis.
RESULTS: Regarding the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), CHX had a significantly lower MIC than curcumin (P<0.05). Sorted out by bacterial growth from lowest to highest, were CHX, LED + curcumin, curcumin, and LED groups. All the differences were found to be statistically significant (P<0.05) except for the LED group.
CONCLUSION: We conclude that curcumin is an effective substance in preventing the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans, whose impact is reinforced when used simultaneously with photodynamic therapy (PDT).
Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2015
Abstract Title:
HMME combined with green light-emitting diode irradiation results in efficient apoptosis on human tongue squamous cell carcinoma.
Abstract Source:
Lasers Med Sci. 2015 Sep ;30(7):1941-8. Epub 2015 Jul 26. PMID: 26210547
Abstract Author(s):
Xingqiang Lai, Fen Ning, Xiuwen Xia, Dujuan Wang, Lin Tang, Jiang Hu, Junchao Wu, Jianzhong Liu, Xiaoyuan Li
Article Affiliation:
Xingqiang Lai
Abstract:
Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) is a novel and promising porphyrin-related photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and potential mechanism of HMME-PDT under irradiation of green light-emitting diode (LED) with wavelength of 530 ± 20 nm in treating human tongue squamous cell carcinoma Tca8113 cells in vitro. The HMME concentrations were 1.25, 2.5, and 5 μg/ml while the energy densities were 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4, and 3.0 J/cm(2). MTT assay demonstrated that HMME-PDT significantly inhibited the proliferation of Tca8113 cells, and the cytotoxicity was improved with increased HMME concentration and light intensity. The amount of cells decreased significantly and the morphology of cells changed drastically after HMME-PDT. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that HMME-PDT induced both apoptosis and necrosis, but apoptosis was the main form of cell death. Apoptotic morphology was confirmed by Hoechst 33342 staining. Laser scanning confocal microscopy observation showed that HMME was mainly localized in mitochondria. The production of intracellular reactive oxygen species increased remarkably after PDT treatment, and both sodium azide (the singlet oxygen quencher) and D-mannitol (the hydroxyl radical scavenger) could protect Tca8113 cells from death induced by HMME-PDT. Additionally, the activity of caspase-3 also increased markedly in treated groups, and the cell death could be rescued by a reversible inhibitor (Ac-DEVD-CHO) of caspase-3. These results demonstrated that HMME combined with green LED significantly induced apoptosis of Tca8113 cells, suggesting that HMME-PDT using green LED might be a potential therapeutic strategy for human tongue squamous cell carcinoma.
Article Published Date : Aug 31, 2015
Abstract Title:
Exploring a novel target treatment on breast cancer: aloe-emodin mediated photodynamic therapy induced cell apoptosis and inhibited cell metastasis.
Abstract Source:
Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2015 Aug 20. Epub 2015 Aug 20. PMID: 26295333
Abstract Author(s):
Qing Chena, Si Tiana, Jing Zhub, Kai-Ting Lia, Ting-He Yuc, Le-Hua Yub, Ding-Qun Bai
Article Affiliation:
Qing Chena
Abstract:
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), as a clinical cancer therapy, is a mild therapy, which involves application of photosensitizers (PSs) which located in target cells and then be irradiated by corresponding wawelength. The activation of PSs generates radical oxygenspecies ( ROS) to exert a selective cytotoxic activity for the target cells. Aloeemodin (AE) has been found to be a anti-tumor agent in many studies, and it also demonstrated to be a photosensitizer in recent years. In order to study the mechanism of aloe-emodin as a photosensitizer. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms of photo-cytotoxicity induced by aloe-emodin in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Analysis of cell proliferation evidenced that there was a dramatically depression after photodynamic treatment with aseries of aloe-emodin concentration and light doses showed. We observed changes apoptosis and demonstrated that the mechanisms of apoptosis were involved of mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum death pathway. The capacity of adhesion, migration and invasion of breast cells were measured usingWST8 and transwell assay and demonstrated that AE-PDT significantly inhibited adhesion, migration and invasion of MCF-7cells. The expression of MMP2, MMP9, VEGF and Nrf2 demonstrated that the metastasis was related to oxidative stress. Analysis of changes in cytoskeleton components (F-actin) evidenced cytoskeleton disorganization after treatment with AE-PDT. Taken together, the present results indicated that PDT with aloe emodin effectively suppressed cancer development in MCF-7cells, suggesting the potential of AE as one new photosensitizer in PDT can provide a new modility for treating cancer.
Article Published Date : Aug 19, 2015
Abstract Title:
Phototherapy with blue and green mixed-light is as effective against unconjugated jaundice as blue light and reduces oxidative stress in the Gunn rat model.
Abstract Source:
Early Hum Dev. 2015 Jul ;91(7):381-5. Epub 2015 May 15. PMID: 25984653
Abstract Author(s):
Yumiko Uchida, Yukihiro Morimoto, Takao Uchiike, Tomoyuki Kamamoto, Tamaki Hayashi, Ikuyo Arai, Toshiya Nishikubo, Yukihiro Takahashi
Article Affiliation:
Yumiko Uchida
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: Phototherapy using blue light-emitting diodes (LED) is effective against neonatal jaundice. However, green light phototherapy also reduces unconjugated jaundice. We aimed to determine whether mixed blue and green light can relieve jaundice with minimal oxidative stress as effectively as either blue or green light alone in a rat model.
METHODS: Gunn rats were exposed to phototherapy with blue (420-520 nm), filtered blue (FB; 440-520 nm without<440-nm wavelengths, FB50 (half the irradiance of filtered blue), mixed (filtered 50% blue and 50% green), and green (490-590 nm) LED irradiation for 24h. The effects of phototherapy are expressed as ratios of serum total (TB) and unbound (UB) bilirubin before and after exposure to each LED. Urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was measured by HPLC before and after exposure to each LED to determine photo-oxidative stress.
RESULTS: Values<1.00 indicate effective phototherapy. The ratios of TB and UB were decreased to 0.85, 0.89, 1.07, 0.90, and 1.04, and 0.85, 0.94, 0.93, 0.89, and 1.09 after exposure to blue, filtered blue, FB50, and filtered blue mixed with green LED, respectively. In contrast, urinary 8-OHdG increased to 2.03, 1.25, 0.96, 1.36, 1.31, and 1.23 after exposure to blue, filtered blue, FB50, mixed, green LED, and control, indicating side-effects (>1.00), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Blue plus green phototherapy is as effective as blue phototherapy and it attenuates irradiation-induced oxidative stress.
PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Combined blue and green spectra might be effective against neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
Article Published Date : Jun 30, 2015
Abstract Title:
Virucidal Efficacy of Treatment with Photodynamically Activated Curcumin on Murine Norovirus Bio-accumulated in Oysters.
Abstract Source:
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2015 Jun 24. Epub 2015 Jun 24. PMID: 26117199
Abstract Author(s):
Juan Wu, Wei Hou, Binbin Cao, Tao Zuo, Changhu Xue, Albert Wingnang Leung, Chuanshan Xu, Qing-Juan Tang
Article Affiliation:
Juan Wu
Abstract:
Norovirus (NoV) is one of the most important seafood- and water-borne viruses, and is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks. In the present study we investigated the effect of curcumin as a sensitizer to photodynamic treatment both in buffer and in oysters against murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1), a surrogate of NoV. MNV-1 cultured in buffer and MNV-1 bio-accumulated in oysters were irradiated with a novel LED light source with a wavelength of 470nm and an energy of 3.6J/cm(2). Inactivation of MNV-1 was investigated by plaque assays. After virus was extracted from the gut of oysters treated over a range of curcumin concentrations, the ultrastructural morphology of the virus was observed using electron microscopy, and the integrity of viral nucleic acids and stability of viral capsid proteins were also determined. Results showed that the infectivity of MNV-1 was significantly inhibited by 1-3 log PFU/ml, with significant damage to viral nucleic acids in a curcumin dose-dependent manner after photodynamic activation. Virus morphology was altered after the photodynamic treatment with curcumin, presumably due to the change of the viral capsid protein structures. The data suggests that treatment of oysters with photodynamic activation of curcumin is a potentially efficacious and cost-effective method to inactivate food-borne NoV. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the toxicology of this approach in detail and perform sensory evaluation of the treated product.
Article Published Date : Jun 23, 2015
Abstract Title:
Effects of Curcuma extract and visible light on adults with plaque psoriasis.
Abstract Source:
Eur J Dermatol. 2015 Jun 12. Epub 2015 Jun 12. PMID: 26066761
Abstract Author(s):
Miguel Carrion-Gutierrez, Ana Ramirez-Bosca, Vicente Navarro-Lopez, Asunción Martinez-Andres, Manuel Asín-Llorca, August Bernd, José Francisco Horga de la Parte
Article Affiliation:
Miguel Carrion-Gutierrez
Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: We conducted a phase IV randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot clinical trial to investigate the safety and efficacy of oral curcumin together with local phototherapy in patients with plaque psoriasis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with moderate to severe psoriasis received Curcuma extract orally with real visible light phototherapy (VLRT) or simulated visible light phototherapy (VLST) in the experimental area, while the rest of the body surface was treated with ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation. The endpoints were the number of responders and the temporal course of the response. The secondary outcomes were related to safety and adverse events.
RESULTS: Twenty-one patients were included in the study. In the intention-to-treat analysis, no patients included in the VLRT group showed"moderate"or"severe"plaques after the treatment, in contrast to the patients included in the VSLT group (p<0.01). Parallelisms in the evolution of PGA, BSA, and PASI scores were observed in the two groups following the treatment. At the end of the study period, 76% of all patients showed a response in the BSA exposed to UVA. Lesions on the experimental area showed a response in 81% of the patients in the VLRT group and 30% of the patients in the VLST group. There were no study-related adverse events that necessitated participant withdrawal.
CONCLUSION: The results suggested that moderate to severe plaque psoriasis should show a therapeutic response to orally administered Curcuma if activated with visible light phototherapy, a new therapeutic method that would be safer for patients than existing treatments.
Article Published Date : Jun 11, 2015
Abstract Title:
Eradication of C. albicans and T. rubrum with photoactivated indocyanine green, Citrus aurantifolia essential oil and fluconazole.
Abstract Source:
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2015 Jun ;12(2):289-97. Epub 2015 Jan 5. PMID: 25573286
Abstract Author(s):
Reza Fekrazad, Arash Poorsattar Bejeh Mir, Vadood Ghasemi Barghi, Masoomeh Shams-Ghahfarokhi
Article Affiliation:
Reza Fekrazad
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of alternative therapies rather than the current antifungal conventional therapy and with assessing the hypothesis of photoactivation of citrus essential oil, fluconazole and Indocyanine green to treat two common mucocutaneous fungal infections.
METHODS: Suspensions of Candida albicans and Tricophyton rubrum containing 10(6)cells/ml was prepared. Equal samples were treated with infrared (IR) laser irradiation (810 nm, 55 J/cm(2)) in the presence of Indocyanine green (Emundo, 1 mg/ml) (IRLE), photoactivated Citrus aurantifolia essential oil (EO) with sequential exposure to natural and tungsten lights (CE), control non-activated essential oil (CC), laser alone (IRL), indocyanine green alone (E) and neither of treatments as the control group (C). Additional fluconazole (FL, 25.6μg/ml) and IR activated fluconazole (IRLFL) groups were designed for T. rubrum fungi. Inoculums were serially diluted to 10(-2) and 10(-4) and streaked on Sabouraud dextrose agar plates. Final outcomes were assessed as the percent of reduction.
RESULTS: Cell reduction rates (%) in C. albicans groups were 99.99 (CE), 91.67 (IRLE), 86.67 (CC), 72.37 (E) and 67.27 (RL). Whereas, a 99.99 (CE), 89.99 (CC), 74.5 (IRLE), 64.5 (E), 38.5 (IRLF), 37.5 (RL), and 31 (FL) percent eradication was achieved in T. rubrum groups.
CONCLUSION: Photoactivation of Citrus EO increased the killing capability by 10-13%. A modest 7.5% augmented effect was observed with IR activation of Fluconazole. Both Citrus EO and photothermal-photodynamic therapy with ICG and IR diode laser exhibited remarkable lethal effect on fungal cells. Candida viable cells are more susceptible to laser only and ICG only treatments than Tricophyton cells.
Article Published Date : May 31, 2015
Abstract Title:
Effects of red laser, infrared, photodynamic therapy, and green LED on the healing process of third-degree burns: clinical and histological study in rats.
Abstract Source:
Lasers Med Sci. 2015 Jan ;30(1):421-8. Epub 2014 Nov 13. PMID: 25391372
Abstract Author(s):
Maria Helena Chaves de Vasconcelos Catão, Cassiano Francisco Weege Nonaka, Ricardo Luiz Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, Patrícia Meira Bento, Roniery de Oliveira Costa
Article Affiliation:
Maria Helena Chaves de Vasconcelos Catão
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of red laser, infrared, photodynamic therapy, and green light-emitting diode (LED) on the healing process of skin burns through clinical and histopathologic analysis in rats. For this, 100 animals were randomly divided into five groups: G1-untreated control (CTR), G2-red laser (LVER), G3-infrared (LINF), G4-photodynamic therapy (PDT), and G5-green LED. Burn was induced on the dorsum of the rat and the treatment of the experimental groups was red light (10 J/cm(2), 10 s, 40 mW, andλ660 nm), infrared (10 J/cm(2), 10 s, 40 mW, and λ780 nm), green LED irradiation (60 J/cm(2), 10 s, λ520, and 550 nm), and photodynamic therapy (10 J/cm(2), 40 mW, and λ660 nm), the latter combined with methylene blue photosensitizer at concentration 0.5 μg/mL. Applications were performed dailyuntil day prior to sacrifice of the animal at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days with intraperitoneal anesthetic overdose. The specimens collected were clinically examined and soon after processed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Picrosirius for analysis under light and polarized light microscopy, respectively. Animals treated with LVER, LINF, PDT (p < 0.001), and LED (p < 0.05) stimulated production and maturation of collagen, and increased the consumption of food and water compared to the CTR (p < 0.001). Laser λ660 nm and λ780 nm showed the largest wound reductions in all groups (p = 0.001). In conclusion, red laser, infrared, photodynamic therapy, and green LED favored the healing process of third-degree burns in rats.
Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2014
Abstract Title:
Enhancement of cytotoxic effect on human head and neck cancer cells by combination of photodynamic therapy and sulforaphane.
Abstract Source:
Gen Physiol Biophys. 2015 Jan ;34(1):13-21. Epub 2014 Nov 14. PMID: 25395599
Abstract Author(s):
Sang J Lee, Hee-Jun Hwang, Jang-In Shin, Jin-Chul Ahn, Phil-Sang Chung
Article Affiliation:
Sang J Lee
Abstract:
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a method to treat cancers using photosensitizer and light. PDT has been tried for several tumors. However, the clinical applications are limited by the toxicity of photosensitizer and narrow effect. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a material of isothiocyanate group and known to have anticancer effect. We evaluated the cytotoxic effect of PDT combined with SFN on human head and neck cancer cells. We measured the cell viability, extent of apoptosis and necrosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and caspase activation. Cell viability was decreased significantly by combination treatment. Cellular apoptosis and necrosis were increased in combination treatment compared to SFN or PDT. ROS generation was also higher in combination treatment than single treatment. In combination treatment group, apoptosis and necrosis were decreased by administration of sodium azide (SA) which is scavenger of ROS. Increased caspase activation in combination treatment was also inhibited by SA. Combination of PDT and SFN led to enhanced cytotoxic effect on head and neck cancer cells. Combination treatment promoted the ROS generation, which induced cell death through activation of caspase pathway.
Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2014
Abstract Title:
Comparative effects of photodynamic therapy mediated by curcumin on standard and clinical isolate of Streptococcus mutans.
Abstract Source:
J Contemp Dent Pract. 2015 ;16(1):1-6. Epub 2015 Jan 1. PMID: 25876942
Abstract Author(s):
Caroline C Tonon, Marco Aurélio Paschoal, Marilia Correia, Denise M P Spolidório, Vanderlei S Bagnato, Juçaíra S M Giusti, Lourdes Santos-Pinto
Article Affiliation:
Caroline C Tonon
Abstract:
AIM: The aim of this study was investigate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using curcumin (C) as a photosensitizing agent irradiated with an LED (L) in the blue wavelength as a light source on a standard and clinical isolate of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in a planktonic suspension model.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Suspensions of both strains were divided into 4 groups as follows: absence of C and L (control group: C-L-), with C and without L (C group: C+L-), absence of C with L (L group: C-L+) and presence of C and L (PDT group: C+L+). Three different concentrations of curcumin (0.75 mg/ml, 1.5 mg/ml and 3 mg/ml) and three light fluences of studied light source (24, 48 and 72 J cm(-2)) were tested. Aliquots of each studied group was plated in BHI agar and submitted to colony forming units counting (CFU/ml) and the data transformed into logarithmical scale.
RESULTS: A high photoinactivation rate of more than 70% was verified to standard S. mutans strain submitted to PDT whereas the clinical isolate showed a lower sensitivity to all the associations of curcumin and LED. A slight bacterial reduction was verified to C+L- and C-L+, demonstrating no toxic effects to the isolated application of light and photosensitizer to both S. mutans strains tested.
CONCLUSION: Photodynamic therapy using a combination of curcumin and blue LED presented a substantial antimicrobial effect on S. mutans standard strain in a planktonic suspension model with a less pronounced effect on its clinical isolate counterparts due to resistance to this alternative approach.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Alternative antimicrobial approaches, as photodynamic therapy, should be encouraged due to optimal results against cariogenic bacteria aiming to prevent or treat dental caries.
Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2014
Abstract Title:
Harnessing the power of light to treat staphylococcal infections focusing on MRSA.
Abstract Source:
Curr Pharm Des. 2015 ;21(16):2109-21. PMID: 25760339
Abstract Author(s):
Tanupriya Agrawal, Pinar Avci, Gaurav K Gupta, Ardeshir Rineh, Shanmugamurthy Lakshmanan, Vincent Batwala, George P Tegos, Michael R Hamblin
Article Affiliation:
Tanupriya Agrawal
Abstract:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become the most important drug-resistant microbial pathogen in countries throughout the world. Morbidity and mortality due to MRSA infections continue to increase despite efforts to improve infection control measures and to develop new antibiotics. Therefore alternative antimicrobial strategies that do not give rise to development of resistance are urgently required. A group of therapeutic interventions has been developed in the field of photomedicine with the common theme that they rely on electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 200 and 1000 nm broadly called"light". These techniques all use simple absorption of photons by specific chromophores to deliver the killing blow to microbial cells while leaving the surrounding host mammalian cells relatively unharmed. Photodynamic inactivation uses dyes called photosensitizers (PS) that bind specifically to MRSA cells and not host cells, and generate reactive oxygen species including singlet oxygen and singlet oxygen upon illumination. Sophisticated molecular strategies to target the PS to MRSA cells have been designed. Ultraviolet C radiation can damage microbial DNA without unduly harming host DNA. Blue light can excite endogenous porphyrins and flavins in MRSA cells that are not present in host cells. Near-infrared lasers can interfere with microbial membrane potentials without raising the temperature of the tissue. Taken together these innovative approaches towards harnessing the power of light suggest that the ongoing threat of MRSA may eventually be defeated.
Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2014
Abstract Title:
Phototherapy promotes healing of cutaneous wounds in undernourished rats.
Abstract Source:
An Bras Dermatol. 2014 Nov-Dec;89(6):899-904. PMID: 25387494
Abstract Author(s):
Saulo Nani Leite, Thiago Antônio Moretti de Andrade, Daniela dos Santos Masson-Meyers, Marcel Nani Leite, Chukuka S Enwemeka, Marco Andrey Cipriani Frade
Article Affiliation:
Saulo Nani Leite
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Various studies have shown that phototherapy promotes the healing of cutaneous wounds.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of phototherapy on healing of cutaneous wounds in nourished and undernourished rats.
METHODS: Forty rats, 20 nourished plus 20 others rendered marasmus with undernourishment, were assigned to four equal groups: nourished sham, nourished Light Emitting Diode treated, undernourished sham and undernourished Light Emitting Diode treated. In the two treated groups, two 8-mm punch wounds made on the dorsum of each rat were irradiated three times per week with 3 J/cm2 sq cm of combined 660 and 890 nm light; wounds in the other groups were not irradiated. Wounds were evaluated with digital photography and image analysis, either on day 7 or day 14, with biopsies obtained on day 14 for histological studies.
RESULTS: Undernourishment retarded the mean healing rate of the undernourished sham wounds (p<0.01), but not the undernourished Light emission diode treated wounds, which healed significantly faster (p<0.001) and as fast as the two nourished groups. Histological analysis showed a smaller percentage of collagen in the undernourished sham group compared with the three other groups, thus confirming our photographic image analysis data.
CONCLUSION: Phototherapy reverses the adverse healing effects of undernourishment. Similar beneficial effects may be achieved in patients with poor nutritional status.
Article Published Date : Oct 31, 2014
Abstract Title:
Photodynamic therapy using chlorophyll-a in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized, single-blind, split-face study.
Abstract Source:
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014 Oct ;71(4):764-71. Epub 2014 Jun 12. PMID: 24930587
Abstract Author(s):
Byong Han Song, Dong Hun Lee, Byung Chul Kim, Sang Hyeon Ku, Eun Joo Park, In Ho Kwon, Kwang Ho Kim, Kwang Joong Kim
Article Affiliation:
Byong Han Song
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Chlorophyll-a is a novel photosensitizer recently tested for the treatment of acne vulgaris.
OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of chlorophyll-a photodynamic therapy used for acne treatment.
METHODS: Subjects with acne on both sides of the face were included. Eight treatment sessions were performed over a 4-week duration. Half of the face was irradiated using a blue and red light-emitting diode after topical application of chlorophyll-lipoid complex. The other half underwent only light-emitting diode phototherapy. The lesion counts and acne severity were assessed by a blinded examiner. Sebum secretion, safety, and histologic changes were also evaluated.
RESULTS: In total, 24 subjects completed the study. Facial acne improved on both treated sides. On the chlorophyll-a photodynamic therapy-treated side, there were significant reductions in acne lesion counts, acne severity grades, and sebum levels compared with the side treated with light-emitting diode phototherapy alone. The side effects were tolerable in all the cases.
LIMITATIONS: All the subjects were of Asian descent with darker skin types, which may limit the generalizability of the study. A chlorophyll-a arm alone is absent, as is a no-treatment arm.
CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that chlorophyll-a photodynamic therapy for the treatment of acne vulgaris can be effective and safe with minimal side effects.
Article Published Date : Sep 30, 2014
Abstract Title:
Photodynamic therapy with the novel photosensitizer chlorophyllin f induces apoptosis and autophagy in human bladder cancer cells.
Abstract Source:
Lasers Surg Med. 2014 Apr ;46(4):319-34. Epub 2014 Jan 24. PMID: 24464873
Abstract Author(s):
Du Lihuan, Zheng Jingcun, Jiang Ning, Wang Guozeng, Chu Yiwei, Lin Wei, Qian Jing, Zhang Yuanfang, Chen Gang
Article Affiliation:
Du Lihuan
Abstract:
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Our group recently synthesized a new, low-cost photosensitizer, chlorophyllin f. In this study, the effects of chlorophyllin f-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) and its potential mechanisms were examined in human bladder cancer cells.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: MitoTracker® Green probe and LysoTracker® Green probe were used to label mitochondria and lysosomes, revealing the intracellular localization of chlorophyllin f in 5637 and T24 cells by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The cells were treated with chlorophyllin f-mediated PDT; the photo-cytotoxicityof chlorophyllin f was monitored using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and apoptosis was measured by Annexin V-FITC/PI dual staining. Western blotting, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and staining with Cyto-ID® Autophagy Detection dye, monodansylcadaverine (MDC) and acridine orange were performed to assess autophagy. The role of autophagy was examined by measuring cell viability and apoptosis in both cell lines pretreated with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA).
RESULTS: Chlorophyllin f showed affinity for mitochondria and lysosomes. It exhibited significant photocytotoxicity, resulting in a maximum of 86.51% and 84.88% cell death in 5637 and T24 cells, respectively. Additionally, chlorophyllin f-mediated PDT (f-PDT) also induced a significantly higher percentage of apoptosis in treated cells compared to the control groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of Beclin1 protein and the proportion of LC3-II:LC3-I in both cell lines significantly increased after f-PDT. Autophagy, characterized by an increase in the formation of Cyto-ID® Autophagy Detection dye-labeled autophagosomes, MDC fluorescent dye-labeled autophagic vacuoles and acridine orange-labeled acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs), was observed in f-PDT-treated cells. TEM also revealed double-membrane autophagosome structures 1 hour after f-PDT. Most importantly, when pretreated with 3-MA, the two cell lines showed more significant photo-cytotoxicityand apoptotic cell death compared to those exposed to f-PDT alone (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Chlorophyllin f-mediated PDT exerts anti-tumor activity by inducing apoptosis and autophagy, and most importantly, autophagy inhibition enhances f-PDT-mediated apoptotic cell death. These results suggest that chlorophyllin f is a new, effective photosensitizer and that the combination of f-PDT with autophagy inhibitors may be an attractive therapeutic strategy against human non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.
Article Published Date : Mar 31, 2014
Abstract Title:
Photodynamic therapy for breast cancer in a BALB/c mouse model.
Abstract Source:
J Gynecol Oncol. 2012 Apr ;23(2):115-9. Epub 2012 Apr 3. PMID: 22523628
Abstract Author(s):
Tae-Gyu Ahn, Byoung-Rai Lee, Eun-Young Choi, Dong Won Kim, Sei-Jun Han
Article Affiliation:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea.
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used for superficial neoplasms and its usage has been recently extended to deeper lesions. The purpose of this study was to observe whether or not PDT can cure breast cancer in the solid tumor model, and to define the critical point of laser amount for killing the cancer cells.
METHODS: Twenty four BALB/c mouse models with subcutaneous EMT6 mammary carcinomas were prepared. Mice were divided into eight groups depending on the amount of illumination, and the tumor size was between 8 mm and 10 mm. We began by peritoneal infiltration with a photosensitizer 48 hours prior to applying the laser light, and then we applied a non-thermal laser light. The energy was from 350 J/cm(2) to 30 J/cm(2) to the cancer.
RESULTS: Regardless of the tumor size from 8 mm to 10 mm, all mice apparently showed positive results via PDT. We also did not find any recurrence over 90 J/cm(2). In all models, the color of the breast cancer lesions began to vary to dark on 2 days post PDT and the tumor regression began simultaneously. Also, we confirmed the complete regression of the breast cancer 21 days after PDT.
CONCLUSION: We confirmed that PDT may treat breast cancers that are sized less 10 mm in mouse models. The moderate energy to destruct the breast cancer cells may be 90 J/cm(2). Therefore, we can expcect that PDT may be utilized to treat breast cancer, but we need more experience, skills and processing for clinical trials.
Article Published Date : Apr 01, 2012
Abstract Title:
Hypericin lights up the way for the potential treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer by photodynamic therapy.
Abstract Source:
Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2006 Sep;1(3):217-22. PMID: 18666746
Abstract Author(s):
Malini Olivo, Hong-Yan Du, Boon-Huat Bay
Abstract:
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the administration of a photosensitizer followed by light irradiation with a specific wavelength, giving rise to irreversible tissue destruction. Hypericin, a herbal extract derived from Hypericum perforatum or St. John's Wort, has minimal toxicity but exhibits potent photo-damaging effects in the presence of light. Hypericin is known to generate a high yield of singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species that are associated with photo-oxidative cellular damage. The application of PDT with hypericin for the treatment of cancers such as recurrent mesothelioma and skin cancer has been validated in clinical trials. This mini-review focuses on the investigative studies of hypericin as a potential photodynamic agent in the treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) in in vitro and in vivo models. NPC is an enigmatic tumor with a multifactorial etiology and a high incidence in the populations of Southern China.
Article Published Date : Sep 01, 2006
Abstract Title:
Long-term survival after photodynamic therapy for esophageal cancer.
Abstract Source:
Gastroenterology. 1995 Feb;108(2):337-44. PMID: 7835574
Abstract Author(s):
A Sibille, R Lambert, J C Souquet, G Sabben, F Descos
Article Affiliation:
Department of Digestive Diseases, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France.
Abstract:
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been adapted to the endoscopic treatment of digestive cancer, but its indications and efficacy remain uncertain. The aim of this study was to assess its feasibility in the curative treatment of small esophageal tumors. METHODS: From 1983 to 1991, PDT was used to treat 123 patients with esophageal cancer who were recommended for nonsurgical treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (n = 104) and adenocarcinoma (n = 19). Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) was performed in 88 patients; 61 were staged uT1 and 27 were staged uT2. A hematoporphyrin derivative was injected 72 hours before laser irradiation with a 630-nm dye laser. PDT was applied alone in 56 patients and as part of a multimodal protocol in the 67 others. RESULTS: The complete response rate at 6 months was 87%. The 5-year survival rate was 25% +/- 6%, and the 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 74% +/- 5%. The complete response rate and survival rate were not different (1) between the PDT alone and the PDT multimodal treatment groups, (2) between the adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma groups, and (3) between the uT1 and uT2 EUS groups. PDT-related complications were esophageal stenosis (n = 43) and cutaneous photosensitization (n = 16). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with small esophageal tumors who pose high surgical risk, photodynamic therapy is an effective treatment.
Article Published Date : Feb 01, 1995
Abstract Title:
Hypericin in phototherapy.
Abstract Source:
J Ethnopharmacol. 1990 Oct;30(3):295-300. PMID: 9002247
Abstract Author(s):
H Koren, G M Schenk, R H Jindra, G Alth, R Ebermann, A Kubin, G Koderhold, M Kreitner
Abstract:
We describe the first local use of hypericin as photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy in a patient with recurrent malignant mesothelioma. Hypericin is a polycyclic quinone, which has been shown to possess in vivo and in vitro antiretroviral and photosensitizing activity; moreover, it is used in depressive disorders. The semiquinone radical, singlet oxygen, and superoxide anion radical are reported to be the toxic agents in hypericin phototherapy. Our first experience with locally applied hypericin in a superficial tumor-plate was performed 8 weeks after the systemic administration of hematoporphyrin derivatives. For tumor light illumination we used an argon pumped dye laser tuned to 632 nm. Owing to satisfactory results, we repeated the same therapy 4 weeks later- and no therapeutic effect was noted. Following this, we proved the interstitial application of HPD and the combination of interstitial HDP and superficially applied hypericin. The subsequent light illumination 6 hours later had no efficacy in the HDP-photosensitized area but there was tumor destruction in the field with both administered photosensitizers. Our first experience suggests a potentiation of two photosensitizers: hematoporphyrin derivatives and hypericin.
Article Published Date : Oct 01, 1990
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