OBJECTIVE:We researched articles that used photodynamic therapy (PDT) for skin wound healing in humans.

METHODS:The systematic review was conducted through scientific articles that investigated the action of PDT on wound healing in humans, published from July 2005 to March 2017, in the data bases PubMed and LILACS.

RESULTS:The main types of wound described in selected articles in this review were chronic ulcer and non-melanoma skin cancer. For accomplishing the PDT, second generation of photosensitizing agents with laser or light emitting diode were used. The studies demonstrated that PDT contribute in several ways to the wound healing process: leading to cellular death; reducing or increasing inflammation; stimulating fibroblasts proliferation and, consequently, of collagen and elastin; raising transforming growth factor beta and metalloproteinases. Based on this, PDT provided good results in wound healing process, acting in several steps and accelerating tissue repair.

CONCLUSIONS:PDT improved healing in many wound models in humans, revealing itself as a promising therapeutic modality for stimulating wound healing and remodelling.

OBJECTIVE:We researched articles that used photodynamic therapy (PDT) for skin wound healing in humans.

METHODS:The systematic review was conducted through scientific articles that investigated the action of PDT on wound healing in humans, published from July 2005 to March 2017, in the data bases PubMed and LILACS.

RESULTS:The main types of wound described in selected articles in this review were chronic ulcer and non-melanoma skin cancer. For accomplishing the PDT, second generation of photosensitizing agents with laser or light emitting diode were used. The studies demonstrated that PDT contribute in several ways to the wound healing process: leading to cellular death; reducing or increasing inflammation; stimulating fibroblasts proliferation and, consequently, of collagen and elastin; raising transforming growth factor beta and metalloproteinases. Based on this, PDT provided good results in wound healing process, acting in several steps and accelerating tissue repair.

CONCLUSIONS:PDT improved healing in many wound models in humans, revealing itself as a promising therapeutic modality for stimulating wound healing and remodelling.

BACKGROUND:Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease and a significant risk factor for tooth loss. Although a link between diet and periodontal health exists, the relation between diet and healing after periodontal therapy has yet to be investigated.

OBJECTIVE:The objective was to determine whether higher intakes of fruits and vegetables or nutrients with antioxidant or anti-inflammatory activity are associated with greater healing, measured as reduced probing depth (PD), after scaling and root planing (SRP), a cost-effective treatment to manage periodontal disease and prevent tooth loss.

METHODS:Patients (63 nonsmokers, 23 smokers) with chronic generalized periodontitis who were undergoing SRP participated. Healing was evaluated based on PD, assessed at baseline and 8-16 wk after SRP. Intakes of fruits, vegetables,β-carotene, vitamin C, α-tocopherol, α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were estimated using the Block 2005 food frequency questionnaire and a supplement questionnaire. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were also measured. PD (% sites>3 mm) was modeled in multiple linear regression and analysis of covariance by tertile of intake and adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), baseline PD, examiner, gingival bleeding, and study duration.

RESULTS:In nonsmokers, PD was associated with fruit and vegetable,β-carotene, vitamin C, α-tocopherol, EPA, and DHA intake (P<0.05). PD was not significantly associated with ALA intake or serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. Significant associations that included supplements (β-carotene, vitamin C, α-tocopherol) were attenuated or lost, depending on the statistical model used. There were no significant associations within the group of smokers.

CONCLUSIONS:Dietary intakes of fruits, vegetables,β-carotene, vitamin C, α-tocopherol, EPA, and DHA are associated with reduced PD after SRP in nonsmokers, but not smokers, with chronic generalized periodontitis. These findings may lead to the development of dietary strategies to optimize healing after periodontal procedures. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02291835.

Fibroblast cells are known to be one of the key elements in wound healing process, which has been under the scope of research for decades. However, the exact mechanism of photobiomodulation on wound healing is not fully understood yet. Photobiomodulation of 635 and 809 nm laser irradiation at two different energy densities were investigated with two independent experiments; first, in vitro cell proliferation and then in vivo wound healing. L929 mouse fibroblast cell suspensions were exposed with 635 and 809 nm laser irradiations of 1 and 3 J/cm(2) energy densities at 50 mW output power separately for the investigation of photobiomodulation in vitro. Viabilities of cells were examined by means of MTT assays performed at the 24th, 48th, and 72nd hours following the laser irradiations. Following the in vitro experiments, 1 cm long cutaneous incisional skin wounds on Wistar albino rats (n = 24) were exposed with the same laser sources and doses in vivo. Wound samples were examined on 3rd, 5th, and 7th days of healing by means of mechanical tensile strength tests and histological examinations. MTT assay results showed that 635 nm laser irradiationof both energy densities after 24 h were found to be proliferative. One joule per square centimeter laser irradiation results also had positive effect on cell proliferation after 72 h. However, 809 nm laser irradiation at both energy densities had neither positive nor negative affects on cell viability. In vivo experiment results showed that, 635 nm laser irradiation of both energy densities stimulated wound healing in terms of tensile strength, whereas 809 nm laser stimulation did not cause any stimulative effect. The results of mechanical tests were compatible with the histological evaluations. In this study, it is observed that 635 nm laser irradiations of low energy densities had stimulative effects in terms of cell proliferation in vitro and mechanical strength of incisions in vivo. However, 809 nm laser irradiations at the same doses did not have any positive effect.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of quercetin and the photo-stimulatory effect of low energy 632.8 nm laser irradiation on excisional wound healing in non-diabetic and diabetic rats. Streptozotocin (45 mg/kg body weight) was intraperitoneally applied for diabetes induction. A full-thickness skin wound (2 × 2 cm) was aseptically created with a scalpel in non-diabetic and diabetic rats on the shaved back of the animals. The wounded non-diabetic and diabetic rats were treated every other day with quercetin by oral gavage at dose 25 mg/kg body weight and/or with low level laser therapy (LLLT) for 14 days. The wound closure percent calculated during the course of the experiment at days 1, 7 and 14 was remarkably increased as a result of treatment of non-diabetic and diabetic wounded rats with quercetin and LLLT; the treatmentwith both was the most potent. The elevated blood glucose and the lowered serum insulin levels were significantly improved in diabetic wounded rats treated with quercetin and LLLT as compared to the diabetic wounded control. The histological findings indicated that the wounded skin showed a markedincrease in collagen fibers which become well oriented in sub-epidermal tissue, intact epidermis and presence of hyperplasia covering well-developed granulation tissue in the wounded rats treated with quercetin and LLLT as compared to the corresponding wounded control. The elevated levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and TNF-α, as well as PGE-2 and LTB-4 were decreased in non-diabetic and diabetic wounded rats with quercetin and LLLT while the lowered level of serum anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, was increased. The augmented oxidative stress represented by increased serum lipid peroxides level was decreased and the serum level of non-enzymatic anti-oxidant glutathione was increased as a result of treatment with quercetin and LLLT. Thus, it can be suggested that the improvements in glycemic state, cytokines involved in inflammation and antioxidant defense system as well as structural reorganization after treatment with quercetin and LLLT may play pivotal roles in promoting the wound healing process. The study also concluded that the treatment with quercetin in association with LLLT was better in improving wound healing in non-diabetic and diabetic rats than the use of either of each.