CYBERMED LIFE - ORGANIC  & NATURAL LIVING

Vaccine Research

  • A generalized reaction to thimerosal from an influenza vaccine.

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    Abstract Title:

    A generalized reaction to thimerosal from an influenza vaccine.

    Abstract Source:

    Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2005 Jan ;94(1):90-4. PMID: 15702823

    Abstract Author(s):

    Mary Lee-Wong, David Resnick, Kaman Chong

    Article Affiliation:

    Mary Lee-Wong

    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND:Thimerosal is a preservative commonly used in ophthalmic solutions, otic drops, and vaccines because of its bactericidal property.

    OBJECTIVE:To report a case of a generalized reaction to thimerosal in a patient who received an influenza vaccine.

    METHODS:We describe a patient who developed a generalized maculopapular eruption after receiving a thimerosal-containing influenza vaccine. Patch testing was performed to determine if there was an allergy to thimerosal.

    RESULTS:Patch testing confirmed a T-cell-mediated sensitivity to thimerosal.

    CONCLUSIONS:Physicians need to be aware that thimerosal is found in many products, including vaccinations. Clinicians should also be aware that allergic reactions occur with exposure to thimerosal even in vaccines. To our knowledge, this is the first case report in the literature of a generalized reaction to thimerosalfrom an influenza vaccine.

  • Acellular pertussis vaccines protect against disease but fail to prevent infection and transmission in a nonhuman primate model. 📎

    Abstract Title:

    Acellular pertussis vaccines protect against disease but fail to prevent infection and transmission in a nonhuman primate model.

    Abstract Source:

    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Jan 14 ;111(2):787-92. Epub 2013 Nov 25. PMID: 24277828

    Abstract Author(s):

    Jason M Warfel, Lindsey I Zimmerman, Tod J Merkel

    Article Affiliation:

    Jason M Warfel

    Abstract:

    Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by the bacterial pathogen Bordetella pertussis. Pertussis rates in the United States have been rising and reached a 50-y high of 42,000 cases in 2012. Although pertussis resurgence is not completely understood, we hypothesize that current acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines fail to prevent colonization and transmission. To test our hypothesis, infant baboons were vaccinated at 2, 4, and 6 mo of age with aP or whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines and challenged with B. pertussis at 7 mo. Infection was followed by quantifying colonization in nasopharyngeal washes and monitoring leukocytosis and symptoms. Baboons vaccinated with aP were protected from severe pertussis-associated symptoms but not from colonization, did not clear the infection faster than naïve animals, and readily transmitted B. pertussis to unvaccinated contacts. Vaccination with wP induced a more rapid clearance compared with naïve and aP-vaccinated animals. By comparison, previously infected animals were not colonized upon secondary infection. Although all vaccinated and previously infected animals had robust serum antibody responses, we found key differences in T-cell immunity. Previously infected animals and wP-vaccinated animals possess strong B. pertussis-specific T helper 17 (Th17) memory and Th1 memory, whereas aP vaccination induced a Th1/Th2 response instead. The observation that aP, which induces an immune response mismatched to that induced by natural infection, fails to prevent colonization or transmission provides a plausible explanation for the resurgence of pertussis and suggests that optimal control of pertussis will require the development of improvedvaccines.

  • Adverse events following HPV vaccination, Alberta 2006-2014. 📎

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    Abstract Title:

    Adverse events following HPV vaccination, Alberta 2006-2014.

    Abstract Source:

    Vaccine. 2016 Apr 4 ;34(15):1800-5. Epub 2016 Feb 26. PMID: 26921782

    Abstract Author(s):

    Xianfang C Liu, Christopher A Bell, Kimberley A Simmonds, Lawrence W Svenson, Margaret L Russell

    Article Affiliation:

    Xianfang C Liu

    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND:In Canada, private purchase of human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccines has been possible since 2006. In Alberta, Canada, a publicly funded quadrivalent HPV vaccine program began in the 2008/2009 school year. There have been concerns about adverse events, including venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with HPV vaccines. We describe the frequencies of adverse events following HPV vaccination among Alberta females aged 9 years or older and look at VTE following HPV vaccination.

    METHODS:We used the Alberta Immunization and Adverse Reaction to Immunization (Imm/ARI) repository (publicly funded vaccine), the population-based Pharmaceutical Information Network (PIN) information system (dispensing of a vaccine), and the Alberta Morbidity and Ambulatory Care Abstract reporting system (MACAR) for June 1, 2006-November 19, 2014. Deterministic data linkage used unique personal identifiers. We identified all reported adverse events following immunization (AEFI) and all emergency department (ED) utilization or hospitalizations within 42 days of immunization. We calculated the frequency of AEFI by type, rates per 100,000 doses of HPV vaccine administered and the frequencies of ICD-10-CA codes for hospitalizations and emergency department visits.

    RESULTS:Over the period 195,270 females received 528,913 doses of HPV vaccine. Of those receiving at least one dose, 192 reported one or more AEFI events (198 AEFI events), i.e., 37.4/100,000 doses administered (95% CI 32.5-43.0). None were consistent with VTE. Of the women who received HPV vaccine 958 were hospitalized and 19,351 had an ED visit within 42 days of immunization. Four women who had an ED visit and hospitalization event were diagnosed with VTE. Three of these had other diagnoses known to be associated with VTE; the fourth woman had VTE among ED diagnoses but not among those for the hospitalization.

    CONCLUSIONS:Rates of AEFI after HPV immunization in Alberta are low and consistent with types of events seen elsewhere.

  • Aluminum access to the brain: a role for transferrin and its receptor. 📎

    Abstract Title:

    Aluminum access to the brain: a role for transferrin and its receptor.

    Abstract Source:

    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Nov ;87(22):9024-7. PMID: 2247478

    Abstract Author(s):

    A J Roskams, J R Connor

    Article Affiliation:

    A J Roskams

    Abstract:

    The toxicity of aluminum in plant and animal cell biology is well established, although poorly understood. Several recent studies have identified aluminum as a potential, although highly controversial, contributory factor in the pathology of Alzheimer disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and dialysis dementia. For example, aluminum has been found in high concentrations in senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, which occur in the brains of subjects with Alzheimer disease. However, a mechanism for the entry of aluminum (Al3+) into the cells of the central nervous system (CNS) has yet to be found. Here we describe a possible route of entry for aluminum into the cells of the CNS via the same high-affinity receptor-ligand system that has been postulated for iron (Fe3+) delivery to neurons and glial cells. These results suggest that aluminum is able to gain access to the central nervous system under normal physiological conditions. Furthermore, these data suggest that the interaction between transferrin and its receptor may function as a general metal ion regulatory system in the CNS, extending beyond its postulated role in iron regulation.

  • An Overview of Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Safety: 2006 to 2015.

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    Abstract Title:

    An Overview of Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Safety: 2006 to 2015.

    Abstract Source:

    Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2015 Sep ;34(9):983-91. PMID: 26107345

    Abstract Author(s):

    Michelle Vichnin, Paolo Bonanni, Nicola P Klein, Suzanne M Garland, Stan L Block, Susanne K Kjaer, Heather L Sings, Gonzalo Perez, Richard M Haupt, Alfred J Saah, Fabio Lievano, Christine Velicer, Rosybel Drury, Barbara J Kuter

    Article Affiliation:

    Michelle Vichnin

    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND:A quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV4) type 6/11/16/18 vaccine (GARDASIL/SILGARD®) has been licensed in many countries around the world for the prevention of cervical, vulvar, vaginal, and anal cancers and precancers, as well as external genital warts causally related to HPV types 6/11/16/18. Across 7 phase 3 clinical trials involving more than 29,000 males and females ages 9-45 years, vaccination was generally well tolerated. Because of its expected public health benefit in reducing cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases, the vaccine has been implemented in the national vaccination programs of several countries, with over 178 million doses distributed worldwide.

    METHODS:Extensive efforts to assess the safety of the vaccine in routine practice have been conducted over the past 9 years since licensure, including more than 15 studies in more than 1 million preadolescents, adolescents and adults from various countries. Most have been performed in the general population although there have been some in special populations (pregnant women, HIV-infected individuals and those with systemic lupus erythematosus).

    RESULTS:We present a summary of the published, postlicensure safety data from active and passive surveillance. Only syncope, and possibly skin infections were associated with vaccination in the postlicensure setting. Serious adverse events, such as adverse pregnancy outcomes, autoimmune diseases (including Guillain-Barre Syndrome and multiple sclerosis), anaphylaxis, venous thromboembolism and stroke, were extensively studied, and no increase in the incidence of these events was found compared with background rates.

    CONCLUSIONS:These results, along with the safety data from the prelicensure clinical trials, confirm that the HPV4 vaccine has a favorable safety profile. Key policy, medical and regulatory organizations around the world have independently reviewed these data and continue to recommend routine HPV vaccination.

  • Analysis of adverse events following immunization in Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2011: a cross-sectional study. 📎

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    Abstract Title:

    Analysis of adverse events following immunization in Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2011: a cross-sectional study.

    Abstract Source:

    Epidemiol Serv Saude. 2016 Jan-Mar;25(1):45-54. PMID: 27861677

    Abstract Author(s):

    Suelem Santos Silva, Valéria Conceição de Oliveira, Helen Cristiny Teodoro Couto Ribeiro, Tamara Gabriela Silva Alves, Ricardo Bezerra Cavalcante, Eliete Albano de Azevedo Guimarães

    Article Affiliation:

    Suelem Santos Silva

    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE:to analyze the main adverse events occurring following immunization in Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in 2011.

    METHODS:this is a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the Brazilian Information System on Adverse Events Following Immunization.

    RESULTS:1,449 adverse events were found; more than half occurred in children under one year of age (56.1%; OR=1.39; 95%CI: 1.08;1.78); the highest rates per 100,000 doses administered were found in the Southern Triangle (36.3), Northwest (25.7) and Southern (22.7) areas of the state; tetravalent vaccine had the highest reactogenicity (46.1%) and hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode was the most frequent event (15.9%); events were significantly associated with inactivated vaccines (OR=4.08; 95%CI: 3.51;4.75); most of the reported events were closed as 'undefined' (58.9%).

    CONCLUSION:events were found in all regions of Minas Gerais state and were most frequent following administration of inactivated vaccines and among children under one year of age.

  • Are Doctors Actually Giving Patients Any Up-to-Date Vaccine Safety Information?

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    In Brief

    • The Facts:

      How much do doctors really know about vaccines? How much do they rely on pharmaceutical companies? What do they learn abut vaccines in med school? Practically nothing, except for how they work.

    • Reflect On:

      Is it safe to put our trust in doctors, who in turn put their trust in big pharmaceutical companies and science?

  • Case of vaccine-associated measles five weeks post-immunisation, British Columbia, Canada, October 2013. 📎

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    Abstract Title:

    Case of vaccine-associated measles five weeks post-immunisation, British Columbia, Canada, October 2013.

    Abstract Source:

    Euro Surveill. 2013 Dec 5 ;18(49). Epub 2013 Dec 5. PMID: 24330942

    Abstract Author(s):

    M Murti, M Krajden, M Petric, J Hiebert, F Hemming, B Hefford, M Bigham, P Van Buynder

    Article Affiliation:

    M Murti

    Abstract:

    We describe a case of vaccine-associated measles in a two-year-old patient from British Columbia, Canada, in October 2013, who received her first dose of measles-containing vaccine 37 days prior to onset of prodromal symptoms. Identification of this delayed vaccine-associated case occurred in the context of an outbreak investigation of a measles cluster.

  • Characteristics and viral propagation properties of a new human diploid cell line, Walvax-2, and its suitability as a candidate cell substrate for vaccine production. 📎

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    Abstract Title:

    Characteristics and viral propagation properties of a new human diploid cell line, Walvax-2, and its suitability as a candidate cell substrate for vaccine production.

    Abstract Source:

    Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2015 ;11(4):998-1009. PMID: 25803132

    Abstract Author(s):

    Bo Ma, Li-Fang He, Yi-Li Zhang, Min Chen, Li-Li Wang, Hong-Wei Yang, Ting Yan, Meng-Xiang Sun, Cong-Yi Zheng

    Article Affiliation:

    Bo Ma

    Abstract:

    Human diploid cell strains (HDCSs), possessing identical chromosome sets known to be free of all known adventitious agents, are of great use in developing human vaccines. However it is extremely difficult to obtain qualified HDCSs that can satisfy the requirements for the mass production of vaccines. We have developed a new HDCS, Walvax-2, which we derived from the lung tissue of a 3-month-old fetus. We established primary, master and working cell banks successfully from reconstituted frozen cells. Observations during the concurrent propagation of Walvax-2 and MRC-5 cells revealed differences in terms of growth rate, cell viability and viral sensitivities. Specifically, Walvax-2 cells replicated more rapidly than MRC-5 cells, with Walvax-2 cells attaining the same degree of confluence in 48 hours as was reached by MRC-5 cells in 72 hours. Moreover, Walvax-2 cells attained 58 passages of cell doublings whereas MRC-5 reached 48 passages during this period. We also assessed the susceptibility of these cells to rabies, hepatitis A, and Varicella viruses. Analysis of virus titers showed the Walvax-2 cells to be equal or superior to MRC-5 cells for cultivating these viruses. Furthermore, in order to characterize the Walvax-2 cell banks, a series of tests including cell identification, chromosomal characterization, tumorigenicity, as well as tests for the presence of microbial agents, exogenous viruses, and retroviruses, were conducted according to standard international protocols. In conclusion, results from this study show that Walvax-2 cell banks are a promising cell substrate and could potentially be used for the manufacturing of HDCVs.

  • Effect of routine vaccination on aluminum and essential element levels in preterm infants. 📎

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    Abstract Title:

    Effect of routine vaccination on aluminum and essential element levels in preterm infants.

    Abstract Source:

    JAMA Pediatr. 2013 Sep ;167(9):870-2. PMID: 23856981

    Abstract Author(s):

    Tammy Z Movsas, Nigel Paneth, Wilson Rumbeiha, Justin Zyskowski, Ira H Gewolb

    Article Affiliation:

    Tammy Z Movsas

    Abstract:

    Parenteral feedings containing more than 4 to 5 μg/kg/d of aluminum have been shown to result in neurodevelopmental delay in preterm infants.1 However, an infant at the 2-month checkup receives multiple aluminum-containing vaccines that in combination may have as high as 1225 μg of intramuscular aluminum; this is a much higher intramuscular aluminum dose than the safely recommended intravenous aluminum dose.2 Our first objective was to measure prevaccine and postvaccine levels of aluminum in preterm infants, a population at higher risk of aluminum neurotoxic effects. Our second objective was to measure prevaccine and postvaccine levels of essential elements (EE). Inflammation from trauma can cause declines in serum levels of specific EE such as zinc and selenium3-5; there may be similar EE perturbations secondary to vaccination-induced inflammation.

  • Granulomas Following Subcutaneous Injection With Aluminum Adjuvant-Containing Products in Sheep. 📎

    Abstract Title:

    Granulomas Following Subcutaneous Injection With Aluminum Adjuvant-Containing Products in Sheep.

    Abstract Source:

    Vet Pathol. 2019 05 ;56(3):418-428. Epub 2018 Oct 31. PMID: 30381018

    Abstract Author(s):

    Javier Asín, Jéssica Molín, Marta Pérez, Pedro Pinczowski, Marina Gimeno, Nuria Navascués, Ana Muniesa, Ignacio de Blas, Delia Lacasta, Antonio Fernández, Lorena de Pablo, Matthew Mold, Christopher Exley, Damián de Andrés, Ramsés Reina, Lluís Luján

    Article Affiliation:

    Javier Asín

    Abstract:

    The use of vaccines including aluminum (Al)-based adjuvants is widespread among small ruminants and other animals. They are associated with the appearance of transient injection site nodules corresponding to granulomas. This study aims to characterize the morphology of these granulomas, to understand the role of the Al adjuvant in their genesis, and to establish the presence of the metal in regional lymph nodes. A total of 84 male neutered lambs were selected and divided into 3 treatment groups of 28 animals each: (1) vaccine (containing Al-based adjuvant), (2) adjuvant-only, and (3) control. A total of 19 subcutaneous injections were performed in a time frame of 15 months. Granulomas and regional lymph nodes were evaluated by clinicopathological means. All of the vaccine and 92.3% of the adjuvant-only lambs presented injection-site granulomas; the granulomas were more numerous in the group administered the vaccine. Bacterial culture in granulomas was always negative. Histologically, granulomas in the vaccine group presented a higher degree of severity. Al was specifically identified by lumogallion staining in granulomas and lymph nodes. Al median content was significantly higher ( P<.001) in the lymph nodes of the vaccine group (82.65μg/g) compared with both adjuvant-only (2.53 μg/g) and control groups (0.96 μg/g). Scanning transmission electron microscopy demonstrated aggregates of Al within macrophages in vaccine and adjuvant-only groups. In these two groups, Al-based adjuvants induce persistent, sterile, subcutaneous granulomas with macrophage-driven translocation of Al to regional lymph nodes. Local translocation of Al may induce further accumulation in distant tissues and be related to the appearance of systemic signs.

  • Infants' exposure to aluminum from vaccines and breast milk during the first 6 months. 📎

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    Abstract Title:

    Infants' exposure to aluminum from vaccines and breast milk during the first 6 months.

    Abstract Source:

    J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2010 Nov ;20(7):598-601. Epub 2009 Dec 16. PMID: 20010978

    Abstract Author(s):

    José G Dórea, Rejane C Marques

    Article Affiliation:

    José G Dórea

    Abstract:

    The success of vaccination programs in reducing and eliminating infectious diseases has contributed to an ever-increasing number of vaccines given at earlier ages (newborns and infants). Exposure to low levels of environmental toxic substances (including metals) at an early age raises plausible concerns over increasingly lower neuro-cognitive rates. Current immunization schedules with vaccines containing aluminum (as adjuvant) are given to infants, but thimerosal (as preservative) is found mostly in vaccines used in non-industrialized countries. Exclusively, breastfed infants (in Brazil) receiving a full recommended schedule of immunizations showed an exceedingly high exposure of Al (225 to 1750μg per dose) when compared with estimated levels absorbed from breast milk (2.0 μg). This study does not dispute the safety of vaccines but reinforces the need to study long-term effects of early exposure to neuro-toxic substances on the developing brain. Pragmatic vaccine safety needs to embraceconventional toxicology, addressing especial characteristics of unborn fetuses, neonates and infants exposed to low levels of aluminum, and ethylmercury traditionally considered innocuous to the central nervous system.

    Study Type : Human Study
  • Myocarditis secondary to smallpox vaccination. 📎

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    Abstract Title:

    Myocarditis secondary to smallpox vaccination.

    Abstract Source:

    BMJ Case Rep. 2018 Mar 22 ;2018. Epub 2018 Mar 22. PMID: 29572367

    Abstract Author(s):

    Kyle Keinath, Tyler Church, Benjamin Kurth, Edward Hulten

    Article Affiliation:

    Kyle Keinath

    Abstract:

    The development of vaccines ushered in the most profound advancement in 20th century medicine, and have widely been regarded as the one of the most important scientific discovery in the history of mankind. However, vaccines are not without risk; reactions can range from injection site reactions to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Among the more serious vaccine-related sequela is myocarditis. Although myocarditis has been reported following many different vaccines, the smallpox vaccine has the strongest association. We report a case of a 36-year-old active duty service member presenting with progressive dyspnoea, substernal chest pain and lower extremity swelling 5 weeks after receiving the vaccinia vaccination. The aetiology of his acute decompensated heart failure was determined to be from myocarditis. Although the majority of cases of myocarditis resolve completely, some patients develop chronic heart failure and even death. Vaccine-associated myocarditis should always be on the differential for patients that exhibit cardiopulmonary symptoms after recent vaccinations.

  • Nonfebrile seizures after mumps, measles, rubella, and varicella-zoster virus combination vaccination with detection of measles virus RNA in serum, throat, and urine. 📎

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    Abstract Title:

    Nonfebrile seizures after mumps, measles, rubella, and varicella-zoster virus combination vaccination with detection of measles virus RNA in serum, throat, and urine.

    Abstract Source:

    Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2013 Jul ;20(7):1094-6. Epub 2013 May 1. PMID: 23637042

    Abstract Author(s):

    Isabella Eckerle, Brigitte Keller-Stanislawski, Sabine Santibanez, Stephan Buderus, Matthias Hillmann, Christian Drosten, Anna Maria Eis-Hübinger

    Article Affiliation:

    Isabella Eckerle

    Abstract:

    We report the case of a child presenting with nonfebrile seizures 6 and 13 days after the first vaccination with a measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) combination vaccine. Measles virus RNA was detected in the patient's serum, throat, and urine. Genotyping revealed the Schwarz vaccine virus strain.

  • Spotlight on measles 2010: excretion of vaccine strain measles virus in urine and pharyngeal secretions of a child with vaccine associated febrile rash illness, Croatia, March 2010. 📎

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    Abstract Title:

    Spotlight on measles 2010: excretion of vaccine strain measles virus in urine and pharyngeal secretions of a child with vaccine associated febrile rash illness, Croatia, March 2010.

    Abstract Source:

    Euro Surveill. 2010 Sep 2 ;15(35). Epub 2010 Sep 2. PMID: 20822734

    Abstract Author(s):

    B Kaic, I Gjenero-Margan, B Aleraj, T Vilibic-Cavlek, M Santak, A Cvitković, T Nemeth-Blazic, I Ivic Hofman

    Article Affiliation:

    B Kaic

    Abstract:

    We describe excretion of measles vaccine strain Schwarz in a child who developed a febrile rash illness eight days after primary immunisation against measles, mumps and rubella. Throat swabs and urine specimens were collected on the fifth and sixth day of illness, respectively. Genotyping demonstrated measles vaccine strain Schwarz (genotype A). If measles and rubella were not under enhanced surveillance in Croatia, the case would have been either misreported as rubella or not recognised at all.

  • Thimerosal exposure and increased risk for diagnosed tic disorder in the United States: a case-control study. 📎

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    Abstract Title:

    Thimerosal exposure and increased risk for diagnosed tic disorder in the United States: a case-control study.

    Abstract Source:

    Interdiscip Toxicol. 2015 Jun ;8(2):68-76. PMID: 27486363

    Abstract Author(s):

    David A Geier, Janet K Kern, Brian S Hooker, Paul G King, Lisa K Sykes, Kristin G Homme, Mark R Geier

    Article Affiliation:

    David A Geier

    Abstract:

    A hypothesis testing, case-control study evaluated automated medical records for exposure to organic-Hg from Thimerosal-containing hepatitis B vaccines (TM-HepB) administered at specific intervals in the first six-months-of-life among cases diagnosed with a tic disorder (TD) or cerebral degeneration (CD) (an outcome not biologically plausibly linked to TM exposure) in comparison to controls; both cases and controls were continuously enrolled from birth (born from 1991-2000) within the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) database. TD cases were significantly more likely than controls to have received increased organic-Hg from TM-HepB administered within the first month-of-life (odds ratio (OR)=1.59, p<0.00001), first two-months-of-life (OR=1.59, p<0.00001), and first six-months-of-life (OR=2.97, p<0.00001). Male TD cases were significantly more likely than male controls to have received increased organic-Hg from TM-HepB administered within the first month-of-life (OR =1.65, p<0.0001), first two-months-of-life (OR=1.64, p<0.0001), and first six months-of-life (OR=2.47, p<0.05), where as female TD were significantly more likely than female controls to have received increased organic-Hg from TM-HepB administered within the first six-months-of-life (OR=4.97, p<0.05). By contrast, CD cases were no more likely than controls to have received increased organic-Hg exposure from TM-HepB administered at any period studied within the first six-months-of-life. Although routine childhood vaccination is considered an important public health tool to combat infectious diseases, the present study associates increasing organic-Hg exposure from TM-HepB and the subsequent risk of a TD diagnosis.

  • Vaccination status and health in children and adolescents: findings of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS). 📎

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    Abstract Title:

    Vaccination status and health in children and adolescents: findings of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS).

    Abstract Source:

    Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2011 Feb ;108(7):99-104. Epub 2011 Feb 18. PMID: 21412506

    Abstract Author(s):

    Roma Schmitz, Christina Poethko-Müller, Sabine Reiter, Martin Schlaud

    Article Affiliation:

    Roma Schmitz

    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND:Whether unvaccinated children and adolescents differ from those vaccinated in terms of health is subject to some discussion.

    METHOD:We evaluated data on diseases that are preventable by vaccination, infectious and atopic diseases, and vaccinations received that had been collected between 2003 and 2006 in a representative sample of 17 641 subjects aged 0 to 17 years in the framework of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurvey, KiGGS).

    RESULTS:Evaluable data on vaccinations were available for 13 453 subjects aged 1-17 years from non-immigrant families. 0.7% of them (95% confidence interval: 0.5%-0.9%) were not vaccinated. The lifetime prevalence of diseases preventable by vaccination was markedly higher in unvaccinated than in vaccinated subjects. Unvaccinated children aged 1-5 years had a median number of 3.3 (2.1-4.6) infectious diseases in the past year, compared to 4.2 (4.1-4.4) in vaccinated children. Among 11- to 17-year-olds, the corresponding figures were 1.9 (1.0-2.8) (unvaccinated) versus 2.2 (2.1-2.3) (vaccinated). The lifetime prevalence of at least one atopic disease among 1- to 5-year-olds was 12.6% (5.0%-28.3%) in unvaccinated children and 15.0% (13.6%-16.4%) in vaccinated children. In older children, atopy was more common, but its prevalence was not found to depend on vaccination status: among 6- to 10-year-olds, the prevalence figures were 30.1% (12.9%-55.8%) for unvaccinated children versus 24.4% (22.8%-26.0%) for vaccinated children, and the corresponding figures for 11- to 17-year-olds were 20.3% (10.1%-36.6%) versus 29.9% (28.4%-31.5%).

    CONCLUSION:The prevalence of allergic diseases and non-specific infections in children and adolescents was not found to depend on vaccination status.

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